ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²:
Adrian, E. D. The Mechanism of Nervous Action: Electrical Studies of the Neuron. (London: Oxford University Press, 1932).
Bernstein, J. Investigations on the thermodynamics of bioelectric currents. Pflugers Arch. 92 (1902): 521β562. (ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ½.: Cell Membrane Permeability and Transport, ed. G. R. Kepner, 184β210. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson 81 Ross, 1979).
Doyle, D. A., J. M. Cabral, R. A. Pfuetzner, A. Kuo, J. M. G ΠΈ lb is, S. L. Cohen, B. T. Chait & R. MacKinnon. The structure of the potassium channel: Molecularbasis of K+ conduction and selectivity. Science 280 (1998): 69β77.
Galvan 1, L. Commentary on the Effect of Electricity on Muscular Motion. Translated by Robert Montraville Green. Cambridge, Mass.: E. Licht, 1953. (ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΠΈ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ: De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentaries, 1791).
Hodgkin, A. L. Chance and Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Hodgkin, A. I. Autobiographical essay. In: The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography, ed. L. R. Squire. Vol. 1., 253β292. Washington, D. C.: Society for Neuroscience, 1996.
Hodgkin, A. L. 81A. F. Huxley. Action potentials recorded from inside a nerve fibre. Nature 144 (1939): 710β711.
Young, J. Z. The functioning of the giant nerve fibers of the squid. J. Exp. Biol. 15 (1938): 170β185.
6. Π Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ
ΠΡΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΡΡ βΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌβ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠΊΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 1954 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π·Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΡΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»: βΠΠΊΠΊΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° [ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Ρ] ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. <β¦> ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡβ. (D. Nachmansohn & Π. Π. Merrit, eds., Nerve Impulses; Transactions [New York: Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, 1956], ΡΡΡ. 184).
ΠΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΌ.: W. Π. Cowan 81 E. R. Kandel, A brief history of synapses and synaptic transmission, in: Synapses, ed. W. M. Cowan, Π’. C. Sudhof, and C. F. Stevens (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 1β87.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΄ ΠΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π’ΠΎ tell you the truth, sir, we do it because itβs amusing! ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅: The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography, ed. L. R. Squire, vol. 1 (Washington, D. C.: Society for Neuroscience, 1996): 348β381; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° β ΡΡΡ. 373.
Π ΠΠΎΠΏΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΊΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ Under the spell of the synapse, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅: The Neurosciences: Paths of Discovery, ed.
F. G. Worden, J. P. Swazey & G. Adelman (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1976), 159β180; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ β ΡΡΡ. 162 ΠΈ 163. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ βΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²β Ρ βΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ" ΡΠΌ.: S. R. Cajal, Recollections of My Life, translated by E. H. Craigie &. J. Cano, Am. Philos. Soc. Mem. 8 (1937); H. H. Dale, The beginnings and the prospects of neurohumoral transmission, Pharmacol. Rev. 6 (1954): 7β13; 0. Loewi, From the Workshop of Discoveries (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1953). ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ»Π° Π€ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅: P. Fatt, Biophysics of junctional transmission, Physiol. Rev. 34 (1954): 674β710; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° β ΡΡΡ. 704.
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²:
Brown, G. L., Π. Π. Dale & W. Feldberg. Reactions of the normal mammalian muscle to acetylcholine and eserine. J. Physiol. 87 (1936): 394β424.
Eccles, J. Π‘. Physiology of the Synapses. Berlin: Springer Vertag, 1964.
Furshpan, E. J. & D. D. Potter. Transmission at the giant motor synapses of the crayfish. J. Physiol. 145 (1959): 289β325.
Grundfest, H. Synaptic and ephaptic transmission. In: Handbook of Physiology. Section I: Neurophysiology, 147β197. Washington, D. C.: American Physiological Society, 1959.
Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwartz & Π’. M. Jessell. Principles of Neural Science. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Katz, B. Electric Excitation of Nerve. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939.
Katz, B. The Release of Neural Transmitter Substances. Liverpool: University Press, 1969.
Katz, B. Stephen W. Kuffler. In: Steve: Remembrances of Stephen W. Kuffler, ed. O. J. McMahan. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates, 1990.
Loewi, 0. & E. Navratil. On the humoral propagation of cardiac nerve action. Communication X: The fate of the vagus substance. In: Cellular Neurophysiology: A Source Book, ed. I. Cooke & M. Lipkin Jr., 478β485. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972. (ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π» Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² 1926 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.)
Π Π°lay, S. L. Synapses in the central nervous system. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 2 (Suppl.) (1956): 193β202.
Popper, K. R. & J. C. Eccles. The Self and Its Brain. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1977.
7. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΠ‘Π, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ : A. L. Huxley, The Doors of Perception (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1954); J. H. Jaffe, Drugs of addiction and drug abuse, in: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 7th ed., ed. L. S. Goodman & A. Gilman (New York: Macmillan, 1985); D. W. Woolley & E. N. Shaw, Evidence for the participation of serotonin in mental processes. Annals N. Y. Acad, of Sci. 66 (1957): 649β665, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΡΡ. 665β667.
ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Ρ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π·Π½Π°Π» ΠΎΠ± Π£ΡΠΉΠ΄Π΅ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅, ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Ρ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°Π½Π΄Π°Ρ, Π‘ΡΡΠ½Π»ΠΈ Π Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π’ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΌ β ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π£ΡΠΉΠ΄Π° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅: R. W. Gerard, W. Π. Marshall & L. J. Saul, Cerebral action potentials, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med. 30 (1933): 1123β1125 ΠΈ R. W. Gerard, W. H. Marshall & L. J. Saul, Electrical activity of the catβs brain, Arch. Neurol, and Psychiat. 36 (1936): 675β735. Π Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅: W. Π. Marshall, Π‘. N. Woolsey & P. Bard, Observations on cortical somatic sensory mechanisms of cat and monkey, J. Neurophysiol. 4 (1941): 1β24 ΠΈ W. H. Marshall & S. A. Talbot, Recent evidence for neural mechanisms in vision leading to a general theory of sensory acuity, in: Visual Mechanisms, ed. H. Kluver, 117β164 (Lancaster, Pa.: Cattell, 1942).
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²:
Eyzaguirre, Π‘. & S. W. Kuffler. Processes of excitation in the dendrites and in the soma of single isolated sensory nerve cells of the lobster and crayfish. J. Gen. Physiol. 39 (1955): 87β119.
Eyzaguirre, C. & S. W. Kuffler. Further study of soma, dendrite and axon scitation in single neurons. J. Gen. Physiol. 39 (1955): 121β153.
Jackson, J. H. Selected Writings of John Hughlings Jackson. Ed. J. Taylor. Vol. 1. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1931.
Katz, B. Stephen W. Kuffler. In: Steve: Remembrances of Stephen W. Kuffler. Ed. O. J. McMahan. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates, 1990.
Kuffler, S. W. & C. Eyzaguirre. Synaptic inhibition in an isolated nerve cell. J. Gen. Physiol. 39 (1955): 155β184.
Penfield, W. & E. Boldrey. Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain 60 (1937): 389β443-
Penfield, W. & T. Rasmussen. The Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Clinical Study of Localization of Function. New York: Macmillan, 1950.
Purpura, D. P., E. R. Kandel & G. F. Gestrig. LSD-serotonin interaction on central synaptic activity. Π¦ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅: D. P. Purpura. Experimental analysis of the inhibitory action of lysergic acid diethylamide on cortical dendritic activity in psychopharmacology of psychotomimetic and psychotherapeutic drugs. Annals N. Y. Acad, of Sci. 66 (1957): 515β536.
Sulloway, F. J. Freud: Biologist of the Mind. New York: Basic Books, 1979.
8. Π Π°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°
Π ΠΠ°Π»Π»Π΅ ΡΠΌ.: A. Harrington, Medicine, Mind, and the Double Brain: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1987) ΠΈ R. M. Young, Mind, Brain and Adaptation in the 19th Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970).
ΠΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΎΠΊΠ° 1864 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅: Surlesiege de la faculte du langue articule, Buli. Soc. Antropol. 6 (1868): 337β393; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° β Π°Ρ. 378. ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ: E. A. Berker, Π. Π. Berker & A. Smith, Localization of speech in the third left frontal convolution. Arch. Neurol. 43 (1986): 1065β1072.