65
Tom Braden. Interview, Virginia, July 1996.
66
R. Harris Smith. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
67
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
68
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
69
Nicolas Nabokov. Bagazh.
70
George Kennan. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Walter L. Hixson.
71
George Kennan (writing as X). The Sources of Soviet Conduct, Foreign Affairs, vol. 26, July 1947.
72
George Kennan. National War College Address, December 1947. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· International Herald Tribune, 28 May 1997.
73
Deborah Larson. The Origins of Containment: A Psychological Explanation (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1985).
74
National Security Council Directive 10/2, ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Final Report of the Church Committee, 1976.
75
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
76
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
77
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
78
Harry Rositzke. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Evan Thomas. The Very Best Men: The Early Years of the CIA (New York: Touchstone, 1996).
79
Allen Dulles. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Evan Thomas. Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
80
Tom Braden. Interview, Virginia, August 1996.
81
Harrison E. Salisbury. Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and its Times (New York: Ballantine, 1980).
82
Edgar Applewhite. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Evan Thomas. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
83
Final Report of the Church Committee, 1976. ΠΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π£ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°: ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π», ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° (Evan Thomas. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².).
84
William Colby. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
85
Michael Josselson. The Prelude to My Joining the Outfit (MJ/HRC).
86
Lawrence de Neufville. Telephone interview, February 1997.
87
George Kennan to Nicolas Nabokov. 14 July 1948 (NN/HRC).
88
Arthur Miller. Timebends. For the Waldorf Astoria conference; ΡΠΌ. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Carol Brightman. Writing Dangerously: Mary McCarthy and Her World (New York: Lime Tree, 1993), ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π² Β«ΠΠ°Π³Π°ΠΆ: ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Β».
89
Lionel Abel. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Leonard Wallock (ad.), New York 1940-1965 (New York: Rizzoli, 1988).
90
Jason Epstein. Interview, New York, June 1994.
91
Arthur Miller. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
92
Nicolas Nabokov. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
93
Arthur Miller. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
94
Dmitri Shostakovich. Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich, Solomon Volkov (ed.) (New York: Harper & Row, 1979). ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π¨ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π³Π°Π½Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π³Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ, Π° Π¨ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π³Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ².
95
Norman Mailer. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Carol Brightman.
96
Arthur Miller. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
97
ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΡΠ²Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ Β«Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΒ». Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π€ΠΠ , Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Ρ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π€Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Β«ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Β» Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ Π³Π½Π΅Π² ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΌ.: Natalie Robins. Alien Ink: The FBI's War on Freedom of Expression (New York: William Morrow, 1992).
98
Peter Coleman. The Liberal Conspiracy.
99
Nicolas Nabokov. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
100
Melvin Lasky. Interview, London, August 1997.
101
Nicola Chiaromonte. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Carol Brightman. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
102
Arthur Miller. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
103
Donald Jameson. Interview, Washington, June 1994
104
Carol Brightman. Writing Dangerously: Mary McCarthy and Her World (New York: Lime Tree, 1993).
105
Ernest Bevin. Top Secret Cabinet Paper on Future Foreign Publicity Policy, 4 January 1948 (IRD/FOlllO/PRO).
106
Robert Bruce Lockhart. The Diaries of Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1939-1965, Kenneth Young (ad.) (London: Macmillan, 1980).
107
Adam Watson. Telephone interview, August 1998.
108
Sir Ralph Murray to Chief of Defence Staff, June 1948 (IRD/FOlllO/PRO).
109
Adam Watson. Telephone interview, August 1998.
110
Ernest Bevin. Top Secret Cabinet paper on Future Foreign Publicity, 4 January 1948 (IRD/ FOlllO/PRO).
111
Mamaine Koestler. Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945-1951, Celia Goodman (ad.) (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985).
112
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆ ΠΠ°Π±Π±ΠΈΡΒ», Β«ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π° Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ° 1922 Π³., ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π³Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌΒ», ΠΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ Π‘Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Β«ΠΡΡΡΡ ΠΡΡΡΠ»Π΅Ρ: Π±Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΒ» (ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½: Π£ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΌ Π₯Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π½, 1998). Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅ Π‘Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π·Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΡΡΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π² Π‘Π¨Π Π² 1948 Π³.
113
Arthur Koestler. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Iain Hamilton. Koestler: A Biography (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1982).
114
Jean-Paul Sartre. Les Temps modernes, October 1954.
115
Michael Warner. Origins of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, Studies in Intelligence, vol. 38/5, Summer 1995. ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π» Π¦Π Π£, Π£ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ.
116
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. The Vital Center: A Fighting Faith (Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1949).
117
Arthur Schlesinger. Interview, New York, August 1996.
118
Carol Brightman. Interview, New York, June 1994.
119
Robert Bruce Lockhart. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
120
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
121
Richard Crossman to Π‘.D. Jackson. 27 August 1948 (CDJ/DDE).
122
HICOG Frankfurt, Evaluation Report, 1950 (SD. CA/RG59/ NARA).
123
Richard Crossman (ad.). The God That Failed.
124
Ignazio Silone. Emergency Exit (London: Gollancz, 1969).
125
Lee Williams. Interview, Washington, June 1994.
126
Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°, 24 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 1949 Π³. (IRD/FOlllO/PRO).
127
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
128
Anthony Carew. The American Labor Movement in Fizzland: The Free Trade Union Committee and the CIA, Labor History, vol. 39/1, February 1998.
129
Michael Warner. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
130
Robert Bruce Lockhart. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
131
Sidney Hook. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Peter Coleman. The Liberal Conspiracy.
132
Sidney Hook. Report on the International Day of Resistance to Dictatorship and War, Partisan Review, vol. 16/7, Fall 1949.
133
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
134
Michael Warner. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
135
Sidney Hook. Report on the International Day.
136
Arthur Miller. Timebends.
137
Frank Wisner. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Michael Warner. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
138
Ruth Fischer. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Michael Warner. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
139
Lawrence de Neujville. Telephone interview, February 1997.
140
Michael Warner. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
141
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
142
Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
143
Arthur Schlesinger. Interview, New York, August 1996.
144
Sidney Hook. Politics, Winter 1949.
145
Sidney Hook. The Berlin Congress for Cultural Freedom, Partisan Review, vol. 17/7, 1950.
146
Nicolas Nabokov. Bagazh.
147
Ignazio Silone. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Celia Goodman (ad.). Living with Koestler.
148
Ignazio Silone. 3 April 1930, Π½Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² La Stampa, 30 April 1996.
149
Ignazio Silone. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Peter Coleman. The Liberal Conspiracy.
150
Arthur Koestler. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Peter Coleman. Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
151
Ernst Reuter. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Congress for Cultural Freedom brochure, undated (CCF/CHI).
152
Lawrence de Neufville. Telephone interview, February 1997.
153
Mamaine Koestler. Π¦ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Celia Goodman (ad.). Π¦ΠΈΡ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π².
154
James Burnham. Rhetoric and Peace, Partisan Review, vol. 17/8, 1950.