Oscar Schisgall, Eyes on Tomorrow: The Evolution of Procter & Gamble (New York: Doubleday, 1981), xii.
46
Β«National Business Hall of Fame Roster of Past Laureates,Β» Fortune, 5 April 1993, 116.
47
Hooverβs Handbook, 1991, 381.
48
Our Story So Far (St. Paul, MN: 3M Company, 1977), 59.
49
Mildred Houghton Comfort, William L. McKnight, Industrialist (Minneapolis: T. S. Denison, 1962), 35, 45, 182, 194, 201.
50
Akio Morita, Made in Japan (New York: Dutton, 1986), 147.
51
Oscar Schisgall, Eyes on Tomorrow: The Evolution of Procter & Gamble, 1β15.
52
Robert J. Serling, Legend and Legacy: The Story of Boeing and Its People (New York: St. Martinβs Press, 1992), 70.
53
Values and Visions: A Merck Century (Rahway, NJ: Merck, 1993), 12.
54
Camille B. Wortman and Elizabeth F. Loftus, Psychology (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992), 385β418.
55
Harold van B. Cleveland and Thomas F. Huertas, Citibank 1812β1970 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), 32.
56
Citibank, 1812β1970, 301.
57
Harold van B. Cleveland and Thomas F. Huertas, Citibank, 1812β1970 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), 41, 301; and John Donald Wilson, The Chase (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1986), 25.
58
Citibank, 1812β1970, 54.
59
Anna Robeson Burr, Portrait of a Banker: James Stillman, 1850β1918 (New York: Duffield, 1927), 249.
60
Β«Wiggin Is the Chase Bank and the Chase Bank Is WigginΒ», Business Week, 30 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 1930.
61
Vance Trimble, Sam Walton (New York: Dutton, 1990), ΡΠΌ. ΡΡΡ. 1β45, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π£ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ½Π°.
62
Sam Walton with John Huey, Sam Walton: Made in America (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 225.
63
Β«Americaβs Most Successful MerchantΒ», Fortune, 23 ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 1991.
64
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·: Sam Walton with John Huey, Sam Walton: Made in America (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 225β232.
65
Vance Trimble, Sam Walton (New York: Dutton, 1990), 274.
66
Sam Walton with John Huey, Sam Walton: Made in America (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 225.
67
Vance Trimble, Sam Walton (New York: Dutton, 1990), 121.
68
Β«Industry OverviewΒ», Discount Merchandizer, ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 1977.
69
Β«Gremlins are Eating up the Profits at AmesΒ», Business Week, 19 ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 1987.
70
Β«David Glass Wonβt Crack Under FireΒ», Fortune, 8 ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 1993, 80.
71
Β«Pistner discusses Ames StrategyΒ», Discount Merchandizer, 1990.
72
Β«James Harmonβs Two HatsΒ», Forbes, 28 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 1990.
73
Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° 2000 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Wal-Mart Π² 1991. Π‘ΠΌ. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π²Ρ 11.
74
Harry Mark Petrakis, The Founderβs Touch (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), 49, 61.
75
Ibid., 69, 88.
76
Ibid., 114β115.
77
Ibid., p. xi.
78
Robert W. Galvin, The Idea of Ideas (Schaumburg, IL.: Motorola University Press, 1991), 45, 65.
79
Β«Zenith Bucks the Trend,Β» Fortune, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 1960.
80
Β«At the Zenith and on the SpotΒ», Forbes, 1 ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 1961.
81
Β«Zenith Bucks the Trend,Β» Fortune, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 1960; Β«Irrepressible Gene McDonaldΒ», Readerβs Digest, ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 1944; ΠΈ Β«Commander McDonald of Zenith,Β» Fortune, ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 1945.
82
International Directory of Corporate Histories (Chicago: St. James Press, 1988), 123.
83
Β«Zenith Bucks the Trend,Β» Fortune, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 1960.
84
Ibid.
85
ΠΠ°Π»Π²ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 1959, ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ΄ β Π² ΠΌΠ°Π΅ 1958.
86
International Directory of Corporate Histories (Chicago: St. James Press, 1988), Ρ. 2, 135.
87
Ibid.
88
Clive Hirschhorn, The Columbia Story (New York: Crown, 1989).
89
Richard Schickel, The Disney Version (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968), 362.
90
The Disney Studio Story (Hollywood: Walt Disney, 1987), 18.
91
The Disney Studio Story and Richard Schickel, The Disney Version, 180.
92
The Disney Studio Story, 42.
93
Personnel, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 1989, 53.
94
John Taylor, Storming the Magic Kingdom (New York: Ballantine Books, 1987), 14.
95
Ibid., p. viii.
96
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π· ΠΈΠ· The Origin of the Modern Mind, by Alan Charles Kors.
97
ΠΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Biology, Norman K. Wessells ΠΈ Janet L. Hopson (New York: Random House, 1988), Π³Π». 9β15, 19, 41β43.
98
ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Miracle at Philadelphia β The Story of the Constitutional Convention: May to September, 1787, by Catherine Drinker Bowen (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966).
99
F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Crack-up (1936).
100
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 17 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 1992.
101
Merck & Company, Management Guide, Corporate Policy Statement, February 3, 1989, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Merck & Company.
102
Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π΅, ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 1994.
103
George W. Merck, Β«An Essential Partnership β The Chemical Industry and MedicineΒ», ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ (ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ), 22 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 1935.
104
Merck & Company, Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° 1991, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ.
105
David Bollier and Kirk O. Hansen, Merk & Co. (A-D), Business Enterprise Trust Case, No. 90β013.
106
Ibid., case D, 3.
107
ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊ, ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅, Π ΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΄, ΠΠΈΡΠ΄ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, 1 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 1950, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Merck & Company.
108
Β«Chas Pfizer: Successful Upstart,Β» Forbes, 15 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 1962.
109
Akio Morita, Made in Japan (New York: Dutton, 1986), 43β44.
110
ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°: Nick Lyons, The Sony Vision (New York: Crown, 1976), 1β18; ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π¦ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎ ΠΠΊΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°.
111
Nick Lyons, The Sony Vision (New York: Crown, 1976), 10.
112
Ibid., 147β148.
113
Ibid., 79.
114
Ranganath Nayak and John M. Ketteringham, Break-throughs (New York: Rawson Associates, 1986), 130β150; and Nick Lyons, The Sony Vision (New York: Crown, 1976), xv-xvii.
115
Robert L. Shook, Turnaround: The New Ford Motor Company (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1990), 94.
116
Ibid., 96.
117
Detroit News, 14 Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 1916, ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·: Lacey, 179.
118
Robert Lacey, Ford β The Men and the Machine (New York: Ballantine Books, 1986), 179.
119
Ibid., 128.
120
Ibid., 129.
121
Peter F. Drucker, Concept of the Corporation (New York: John Day, 1972), 305β307.
122
Peter F. Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (New York: Harper & Row, 1985), 808.
123
ΠΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄, ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² HP, 8 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 1960, ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π° HP.
124
David Packard, Β«A Management Code of EthicsΒ», ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π‘Π°Π½-Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ, ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, 24 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 1958, ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π° HP.
125
Ibid.
126
ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° Wattβs Current, From Our Presidentβs Desk, Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 1961, ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π° HP.
127
Dave Packard, Β«Objectives of the Hewlett-Packard CompanyΒ», ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 1957; Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ² HP.
128
ΠΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½Π° Π―Π½Π³Π°, 17 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 1992.
129
John McDonald, Β«The Men Who Made TIΒ», Fortune, Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 1961, 123.
130
Β«Running Things With a Slide Rule,Β» Business Week, 27 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 1968.
131
Β«The Men Who Made T. I.Β», Fortune, Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 1961.
132
Β«Running Things With a Slide RuleΒ», Business Week, 27 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 1968.
133
Β«Texas Instruments: Pushing Hard into Consumer Markets,Β» Business Week, 24 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 1974.
134
Β«Japanese Heat on the Watch Industry,Β» Business Week, 5 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 1980.
135
ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°, Π° Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ² HP.
136
Β«How TI Beat the clock on its $ 20 digital watchΒ», Business Week, 31 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 1976; Β«Japanese Heat on the Watch IndustryΒ», Business Week, 5 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 1980; Π Π΅ΡΡ ΠΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π° HP, 11 ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 1974; ΠΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½Π° Π―Π½Π³Π°, 17 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 1992.
137