13. the normal tendency of yields to rise with the increasing maturity of the security
Exercise 3. Read the following text describing different types of investors. Identify which type is closest to your personality and devise an investment strategy for yourself, and for the following individuals: 1. A semi-retired professor; 2. A 40-something engineer with two teenage children; 3. A housewife in her early thirties married to a rich businessman; 4. A computer genius in his mid twenties.
The Successful Investment Journey
Know Yourself
Nobody knows you and your situation better than you do. Therefore, you may be the most qualified person to do your own investing β all you need is a bit of help. Identify the personality traits that can assist you or prevent you from investing successfully and manage them accordingly.
A very useful behavioral model that helps investors to understand themselves was developed by Bailard, Biehl & Kaiser.
The model classifies investors according to two personality characteristics: method of action (careful or impetuous) and level of confidence (confident or anxious). Based on these personality traits, the BB&K model divides investors into five groups:
Individualist β careful and confident, often takes a Β«do-it-yourselfΒ» approach
Adventurer β volatile, entrepreneurial and strong willed
Celebrity β follower of the latest investment fads
Guardian β highly risk averse, wealth preserver
Straight Arrow β shares the characteristics of all of the above equally
Not surprisingly, the best investment results tend to be realized by an individualist, or someone who exhibits analytical behavior and confidence and has a good eye for value. However, if you determine that your personality traits resemble those of an adventurer, you can still achieve investment success if you adjust your strategy accordingly. In other words, regardless of which group you fit into, you should manage your core assets in a systematic and disciplined way.
Source: Investopedia, March 10, 2006, by Derek Polcyn, CFA
Exercise 4*. Find antonyms for the following terms and make sentences of your own with each pair.
Example: upstream β downstream
upside ββ¦β¦.
budget deficit ββ¦β¦β¦.
developed markets ββ¦β¦.
loss-making ββ¦β¦β¦..
in the red ββ¦β¦β¦.
upgrade ββ¦β¦..
public sector ββ¦β¦..
individual investors ββ¦β¦β¦
primary market ββ¦β¦β¦
outperform ββ¦β¦..
Exercise 5*. Fill in the blanks using terms given below.
Why Stock Investors Should Purchase Bonds
No doubtβ¦β¦. outperformedβ¦β¦. for two years in a row. While pastβ¦β¦.. cannot guarantee future results, recent marketβ¦β¦ provides compelling enough evidence for most investors to consider an overallβ¦β¦. that solidly integrates these two importantβ¦β¦.. classes.
Stocks still presentβ¦β¦.. with the potential for excellent long-termβ¦β¦. But simply owning stocks β and leaving excess cash in aβ¦β¦. fund β may not be the optimal way to safeguard yourβ¦β¦.. assets. In fact, SalomonSmithBarney currently recommends investors to include bonds, stocks andβ¦β¦. in their overall portfolio. Of course, only your specific goals and riskβ¦β¦β¦ can dictate whatβ¦β¦.. is right for you, but bear in mind that a balanced portfolio of both bonds and stocks would have outperformed anβ¦β¦.. portfolio over the past two years, and helped to dampen some of the volatility that characterized theβ¦β¦..
Undoubtedly, the primary reason you have purchased stocks has been to achieveβ¦β¦β¦ in your investment portfolio. But did you know that bonds can help you achieve a number of complementaryβ¦β¦..? The three most important are: (1) to preserveβ¦β¦.; (2) to supplement currentβ¦β¦.; and (3) to enhance totalβ¦β¦.. As the oldβ¦β¦.. adage proclaims: Make your money in stocks, but keep your money in bonds.
The first two objectives are particularly relevant for investors whose portfolios are heavilyβ¦β¦ in equity securities. Regarding capital preservation, the recent equity market volatility has confirmed once again that stocks are long-term investments and are not necessarily the most appropriate way to meet either short-term or moreβ¦β¦ financial needs that are more predictably provided byβ¦β¦.. securities.
More evident, perhaps, is the stock investorβs diminished ability to generate income from equityβ¦β¦.. Until recently, stocks issued by many companies paid relatively highβ¦β¦.. Many investors even depend on stock dividends toβ¦β¦. their current income.
However, due to widespread governmentβ¦β¦β¦ and growing investor demands for stock priceβ¦β¦β¦., high dividend-paying equities have become scarce as many companies have been forced to become moreβ¦β¦β¦ This has divertedβ¦β¦.instead to other corporate activities such as the purchase of new equipment, acquisitions or stockβ¦β¦..
Replace Disappearing Dividends
First the bad news: vanishing stock dividends are unlikely to reverseβ¦β¦. anytime into theβ¦β¦. future. Theβ¦β¦. is further entrenched by large financialβ¦β¦.. now given to senior corporate managers and board members, commonly tied to stock price performance.
The good news, however, is that by complementing your equity holdings with aβ¦β¦β¦ bond portfolio, you can establish a more predictable incomeβ¦β¦. Best of all, fixed-income securities afford you an enormous amount ofβ¦β¦β¦ to receiveβ¦β¦β¦. payments on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis.
Source: www.citibank.com
Terms:
Wall Street, trend, equity-only, interest, course, cash, income, weighted, asset, allocation, deregulation, bonds, conservative, supplement, holdings, dividends, stocks, return, appreciation, stream, foreseeable, performance, fixed-income, volatility, diversified, portfolio strategy, individual investors, money market, financial, parameters, equity market, growth, objectives, capital, buybacks, incentives, flexibility, competitive, rewards, funds
Exercise 6. Translate into English.
ΠΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ 2003 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°
2003 Π³. ΡΡΠ°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ/ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Moodyβs Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³. ΠΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅.
Π ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ
Π 2003 Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π² 2003 Π³. $ 7,6 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ $ 4 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄ Π² 2002 Π³. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ $ 2,7 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ $ 1,8 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄ Π² 2002 Π³.
Π 2003 Π³. 13 ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 17 Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ . Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Β«ΠΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΒ», ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ $ 1,75 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄ (ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ), Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ β 1 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Β», ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ $ 750 ΠΌΠ»Π½. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ’Π‘, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ $ 1,1 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄.
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ $ 2,25 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π‘Π±Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ³Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ, Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ Β«ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈ ΠΠΠ-ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Moodyβs ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Standard & Poorβs Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ BB+).
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π’ΠΠ ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ . ΠΡΠ°ΠΏ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π Π€ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ².
Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ.
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ: ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π» Β«ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ: Π₯Π₯I Π²Π΅ΠΊΒ» β 15 (ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ);
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ: ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π², ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ernst&Young,
ΠΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ernst&Young
Lesson 31
How IPOs are Organized
Read and translate the text and learn terms from the Essential Vocabulary.
IPO Procedure
Initial Public Offerings generally involve one or more investment banks as Β«underwritersΒ». The issuer enters a contract with the underwriters to sell its shares to the public. The underwriters then approach investors with offers to sell these shares.
A large IPO is usually underwritten by a Β«syndicateΒ» of investment banks led by one or two major investment banks (lead manager). The underwriters keep a commission based on a percentage of the value of the shares they sell. Multinational IPOs may have as many as three syndicates to deal with differing legal requirements in the home country, the U.S. and other countries. Because of the wide array of legal requirements, IPOs typically involve one or more law firms.
Legal Requirements in the United States
The U.S. has the strictest legal regime in the world governing IPOs. Moreover, federal securities law applies not only to IPOs within the U.S., but to any IPO in the world that targets or is likely to target a large number of U.S. investors.
The IPO process is governed by the Securities Act of 1933 and the regulations of SEC; each stock exchange has separate rules that listing companies must follow. Smaller IPOs may also be significantly affected by state blue sky laws; these laws are usually pre-empted by federal law when the stock is to be listed on a major exchange or NASDAQ, but apply fully to certain medium-scale offerings on a local level.