Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π½Π° Bookidrom.ru! БСсплатныС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅

Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ «Английский язык. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ курс для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ бизнСс-Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Β». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 58

Автор Нина ΠŸΡƒΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°

Level 1 ADRs

As the quality of…… information disseminated by Russian firms is rudimentary and confusing, the majority of companies issuing ADRs utilize the Level 1 program, which is the simplest method for a foreign company to gain access to the American capital market.

Level 1 ADRs trade……. and consequently the issuing company is…….. from……. with many of the reporting and……… requirements set forth in the 1934 Securities Exchange Act. This exemption allows the foreign issuer to enjoy the benefits of a…… security while continuing to use the current financial reporting process. To issue a Level 1 ADR, a Russian company must do the following:

File its financial statements (utilizing current reporting methods rather than the……. standards) in English with the……., as well as provide information as requested to appropriate Russian…….. authorities.

…… a standard contract with the issuing depository institution enumerating the rights and responsibilities of each party.

File a……… registration statement with the SEC.


Level 2 and 3 ADRs

Level 2 and 3 ADR programs stipulate that a Russian firm should meet additional reporting requirements for…….. on NASDAQ or other……. The Level 2 program envisages registration under the 1934 Securities Exchange Act, whereas the Level 3 program entails a full public…….. with the concomitant reporting requirements, including three years of financial statements according to US GAAP standards and a…….. process similar to that essential for any US…… offering.


Rule 144A Private Placements

Rule 144A allows Russian firms to…… capital via private……. to…….. institutional buyers (QIBs) while avoiding the high costs and extensive disclosure requirements essential for Level 2 and 3 programs. Once these unregistered securities are placed with…… purchasers, they may not be sold to the public for at least two years, although they may be sold to other qualified buyers.


Benefits of ADRs

The issue of American Depository Receipts has a number of advantages for both Russian…… and the investing public. Via an ADR, a Russian company may gain its first introduction to international capital markets while raising public……. of the firm and reaching a much broader range of investors. An ADR issue will signal to the market that a firm actively seeks out and values Western investors, and is willing to work towards meeting international…….. of financial disclosure. Issue of an ADR can also increase……. for a company’s shares in the domestic market, while positively impacting the domestic share price.

Source: Capital Markets Report


Terms:

GAAP, offering, awareness, listing, surrenders, standards, liquidity, due dilligence, convert, Form 6, exempted, volatile, intra-market, qualified, publicly-traded, placements, OTC, community, SEC, holder, sophisticated, utility, depository, entity, custodian, issued, transaction, underlying, securities, agent, initiating, delivered, notifies, transfer, registrar, cancellation, cross-border, cancels, financial, compliance, disclosure, regulatory, execute, exchanges, public, eligible, issuers, raise, ADRs


Exercise 5. Translate into English.


Π’ Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊ Π·Π° $300 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ

НС ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ΅. Как стало извСстно «ВСдомостям», монополия Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ листинг Π½Π° NYSE ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ADR Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΊ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ – ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² $300 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄, Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ с инвСсторами.

Π’ пятницу ΠΊ Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Ρƒ амСриканского ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠœΡΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ с сТиТСнным Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ (liquefied natural gas) Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β». ВмСстС с Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ монополия Ρ…ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ привСсти Π½Π° амСриканский Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ свои Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Об этом Π½Π° прСсс-ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ΅ заявил Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ прСдсСдатСля правлСния Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β» АлСксандр МСдвСдСв. По Π΅Π³ΠΎ словам, Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π» Π±Ρ‹ вывСсти свои Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π½Π° Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Π±ΠΈΡ€ΠΆΡƒ (NYSE) Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…-Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… Π»Π΅Ρ‚, послС Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. «АмСриканский финансовый Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π½, β€“ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏ-ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€Π° информагСнтства, β€“ здСсь самая большая Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, самый Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ состав инвСсторов».

Компания ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ листинг Π½Π° NYSE, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΡƒΡΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ΅ ADR Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня, ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β». Он Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ADR Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π³ΠΎ уровня сразу ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ – маловСроятно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ согласится Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ выпуск Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. По Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ БША ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ АDR Π² листинг ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… амСриканских Π±ΠΈΡ€ΠΆ – NYSE, NASDAQ, AMEX. ΠœΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β» ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° NYSE ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ 5β€”10% Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β». БСйчас 4,5% Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ торгуСтся Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ADS Π½Π° Лондонской Π±ΠΈΡ€ΠΆΠ΅. Если Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Ρƒ листинга, ΠΎΠ½ станСт сСдьмой ΠΏΠΎ счСту российской ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° NYSE. БСйчас это расписки Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π³ΠΎ уровня МВБ, Β«Π’ΠΈΠΌΠΌ-Π‘ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŒ-Π”Π°Π½Π½Π°Β», Β«Π’Ρ‹ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠšΠΎΠΌΠ°Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠœΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π»Π°Β», Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ADR Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня «РостСлСкома» ΠΈ Β«Π’Π°Ρ‚Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΈΒ».

Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ сСбС ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π° Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° NYSE Π΅ΠΌΡƒ придСтся ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ с амСриканскими Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ. Компаниям, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ADR-2 ΠΈ ADR-3, приходится вСсти Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² стандартС US GAAP, Π° Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стандарты отчСтности (IAS). К эмитСнтам, Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° NYSE, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡŠΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅ трСбования SEC ΠΏΠΎ рСгистрации ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊ амСриканским корпорациям. Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅ΠΉ Π“Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€ ΠΈΠ· инвСстфонда Vostok Nafta Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΌ, Π² частности, Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ нСсСт Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ отчСтности Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ обСспСчиваСт высокий ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ довСрия инвСсторов, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° создаСт трудности самим компаниям. НапримСр, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»Ρ‹ΠΌ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· Ernst & Young нСсколько Ρ€Π°Π· ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Β«Π’Π°Ρ‚Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΈΒ» Π·Π° 2003 Π³., Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ соотвСтствовала трСбованиям NYSE ΠΈ SEC, ΠΈ капитализация ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° 10%.

Наградой Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡƒΒ» ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ дСньги амСриканских инвСсторов, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ БША. Π’ качСствС Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инвСстора Π“Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΠΉ госфонд БША CalPERS, ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ $180 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ пСнсионСров ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ аналитичСского ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π° «Атона» Π‘Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π”Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ добавляСт, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ‹ смогут ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ‹ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β». БСйчас ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ADS ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° Лондонской Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΡ€ΠΆΠ΅. А Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» поставил ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ собой Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ – ΠΏΠΎ словам Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° ΠšΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 3β€”5 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ $300 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄. Π’ пятницу Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ» стоил ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ $94 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄.

ΠœΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β» ΡƒΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈ срСди Π½Ρ‹Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² найдСтся ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π² ADR-2. Он Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ своих Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² ADR Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Deutsche Bank ΠΈ ОбъСдинСнная финансовая Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°, которая Π½Π° 40% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ†ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡƒ. Под ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠžΠ€Π“ сСйчас находится ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 4% Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ, Deutsche Bank ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 2% Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β». ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠžΠ€Π“ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Vostok Nafta, Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ 1,16% Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Β«Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Β», ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ этих Π±ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π³ Π² ADR Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня, Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ Π“Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€.

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ: ВСдомости, 05.09.05

Lesson 30

Fixed Income Securities

Read and translate the text and learn terms from the Essential Vocabulary.

A Stock Buyer’s Guide to Bond Investing

Some Bond Market Basics

As a stockholder, you are a part owner of a business, able to enjoy the unlimited upside potential – or downside risk – associated with a particular company. A bondholder, on the other hand, is a creditor, and bonds are known as debt securities.

When you purchase a bond, you are essentially lending money for a specific period of time, at a fixed rate of interest. Bonds are generally considered a more secure investment than stocks since bondholders have a senior claim to a company’s assets in the event of a corporate restructuring.

Bonds are issued by both the public and private sector. The former includes the U.S. government, as well as state and local municipalities. The latter comprises both privately held and publicly traded corporations. Bonds are a reliable alternative to banks and other lenders who might demand less attractive financing terms than the capital markets are able to provide, such as a higher rate of interest. Ultimately, this cost saving benefits both taxpayers and shareholders by lowering the borrower’s overall expenses.

Bonds are generally known as fixed-income securities since they pay a fixed rate of interest. As a result, falling interest rates make outstanding bonds more attractive, while conversely, rising interest rates cause fixed-income securities to lose principal value. Many investors like bonds because regardless of a bond’s fluctuating price during its lifetime, the principal of the bond is returned at face value when it matures.

Bonds of equal credit quality will generally provide investors with higher rates of return as maturity lengthens, since it is considered riskier to hold longer-dated securities than short-term instruments. Investors are also rewarded with progressively higher rates of return as credit quality declines to compensate for the additional risk.

Callable and Bullet Structures

Callable and bullet structures are common to most fixed-income securities. Bond issuers sell redeemable debt, known as callables, in order to give them the flexibility to purchase – or call – the bonds prior to maturity after a specified date. This makes good economic sense for the issuer in a falling interest rate environment since it then allows them to reissue the same amount of debt at a lower interest rate. However, if and when the securities are called, investors are handed back their original investment in cash and are faced with the less attractive option of reinvesting it in lower-yielding, higher-priced securities. This is known as reinvestment risk.

For investors determined to avoid reinvestment risk, noncallable bullets may be purchased. Bullets are bonds with a fixed maturity date and no call provisions. Though the rate of return on bullets will generally be lower than callable securities, the issuer cannot compel the bondholder to redeem the security prior to maturity.

Governments

The majority of public sector debt is issued by the federal government. The size of the market has rapidly contracted in recent years as the budget surplus continues to bolster buybacks of outstanding securities and promotes the reduction of new supply. Interest paid to holders of Government securities is exempt from state and local taxes.

Treasury Securities

Since the U.S. Treasury Department issues most government securities, bonds in this sector are commonly referred to as Treasuries. Given the remote possibility that the U.S. would ever default on its obligations, Treasuries are considered to be the safest of all fixed-income securities and serve as the benchmark utilized by bond investors .

The four most popular types of fixed-income securities issued by the U.S. Treasury are Bills, Notes, Bonds and TIPS (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities). Bills have maturities of three months to one year, and are sold at a discount since the interest rate is equal to the difference between the purchase price and the principal amount an investor would receive at maturity (interest basically accrues to face value rather than being directly paid out to investors). Notes pay interest semi-annually and are issued in two-year, five-year and ten-year maturities. Bonds are issued with 30-year maturities and also pay semi-annual interest. TIPS provide bond investors with a hedge against inflation since they pay an interest rate that is periodically adjusted according to changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI).