Skinner, Π. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Knopf.
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΡ Π΅Π²ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» (Science and Human Behavior).
ΠΠ΅Π±-ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡ.http://www.bfskinner.org/index.asp
Π‘Π°ΠΉΡ Π€ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° Π. Π€. Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ° (Π. F. Skinner Foundation), ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² 1987 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π‘Π°ΠΉΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ° (1904β1990), ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ 1930 ΠΈ 1993 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.
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Π€ΠΎΠ½Π΄ Π. Π€. Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ»Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΄ΡΠ΅Ρ: P. O. Box 84, Morgantown, WV 26 507.
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ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 12. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π². ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 1970-Ρ Π³Π³. ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π» Π£ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΌ ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π» Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-ΡΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (mapping) ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ β Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.