14
"ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ" (Napolas; Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten (Π½Π΅ΠΌ.)) β ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ 1933 Π³. ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ. Π "Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ" ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 10β18 Π»Π΅Ρ; ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ "Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ" ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π‘Π ΠΈ Π‘Π‘. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ "Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ" ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ» (Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°).
15
E. K. Milliken, "The new Public Schools in Germany": The Times (London) of 28. September 1935, cited by Harald Scholtz, Nationalsozialistische Ausleseschulen. Internatsschulen als Herrschaflsmittel des Fuhrerstaates (Gottingen, 1973), S. 143.
16
J. W. Tate, "The Public Schools of Germany": Internationale Zeitschrift fur Erziehung, VI, (1937), S. 172.
17
"ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ°-ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ±" β ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ±.
18
Tate, p. 172.
19
G. A. Rowan-Robinson, "Training of the Nazi leaders of the Future" (Ansprache im Chattham House, London, am 27. Januar 1938, under Chairmanship of Major Π. T. Reynold, M. C, in: International Affairs (Marz 1938), pp. 237, 235, 241.
20
ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ²Π³ΡΡΡ (1897β?) β ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π‘Π‘.
21
Harald Scholtz, Nationalsozialistische Ausleseschulen. Internatsschulen als Herrschaftsmittel des Fuhrerstaates (Gottingen, 1973), S. 99.
22
Volker Raddatz, Englandkunde im Wandel deutscher Erziehungsziele (ΠΎ. O., 1977), p. 146.
23
Theodor Wilhelm, "Scholars or Soldiers? Aims and results of "Nazi" education": Internationale Zeitschrift fur Erziehung, VIII (vom 5. November 1939), S. 95.
24
ΠΠ΅ΠΉ Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡ (1890β1945), ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΉΡΠ΅Ρ, Π·Π°Π². ΠΎΡΠ³. ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ "ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°".
25
Harald Scholtz, Nationalsozialistische Ausleseschulen, S. 190; Price Ward, Extra-special Correspondent (London, 1957), S. 201.
26
Volker Raddatz, Englandkunde im W&ndel deutscher Erziehungsziele (n. p., 1977), p. 146.
27
Ross McKibbin, Class and Culture. England 1918-1951 (London, 1998), pp. 238, 245; Π’. C. Worsley, Barbarians and Philistines. Democracy and the Public Schools (London, 1940), pp. 121,200.
28
H. John Field, Toward a Programme of Imperial Life. The British Empire at the turn of the Century (Oxford, 1982), pp. 22, 35, 39; J. A. Mangan, in: John Mackenzie, Imperialism and Popular Culture (Manchester, 1986), p. 116.
29
Gerwin StrobI, The Germanic Isle. Nazi perceptions of Britain (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 80, 69, 76, 82.
30
Rudolf Diels, Luzifer ante portas (Stuttgart, 1950), S. 84, zitiert in Josef Henke, England in Hitlers politischem Kalkul, 1935-1939 (Boppard, 1973), S. 22; Hitler, Monologe im Fuhrerhauptquartier (Rindlach, 1988), S. 393:6 September, 1942; Hans F. K. Gunther, Ritter, Tod und Teufel. Der heldische Gedanke (Munchen, edition of 1920), S. 96: "Ruchlose Willenstat"; Raddatz, S. 152; StrobI, pp. 42, 64.
31
StrobI, pp. 77, 169, 223, 69, 90, 91.
32
Johannes H. Voigt, "Hitler and Indien": Vierteljahreshefte fur Zeitgeschichte, IX (1971), S. 33, 49; SS-General Walter Schellenberg, Invasion 1940. The Nazi invasion Plan for Britain (London, 2000), p. 27; Die Welt vom 15. August, 2000: "Operation Seelowe".
33
Raddatz, S. 143, 152, 157 (Anml91, 192), zitiert O. Harlander, "Franzosisch und Englisch im Dienste der rassenpolitischen Erziehung": Neue Sprachen, No. 44 (1936), S. 50.
34
ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ·ΡΠ°ΠΈΠ»Ρ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°).
Raphael Samuel (Editor), Patriotism. The Making and Unmaking of British National Identity, Vol. I (London, 1989), p. 58; William Henry Poole, History, the True Key to Prophecy in which the Anglo-Saxon Race is shown to be the lost tribes of Israel (Brooklyn, 1880, cited in John Higham, Strangers in the Land. Patterns of American Nativism 1860-1925 (Westfort, Conn.; USA, 1981), p. 367); William Haller, Foxe's Book of Martyrs and the Elect Nation (London, 1967), p. 87, (Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½, ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΈ β ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π» ΠΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½Ρ: Edwin Johnes, The English Nation. The Great Myth (1998), pp. 56, 57).
35
William Blake, Jerusalem. The emanation of the Giant Albion, Chapter II, XXIV, 5: Prophetic Books of William Blake, edited by E. P. D. Maclagan and A. G. B. Russel (London, 1904), p. 31; Friedrich Brie, Imperialistische Stromungen in der englischen Literarur (Halle, 1928).
36
Alain and Cairns, Prelude to Imperialism. British Reactions to Central African Society, 1840β1890 (London, 1965), p. 238; MacDonald, Language of Empire, p. 153 f. Rutherford, Forever England. Reflections on Race, Masculinity and Empire (London, 1997), p. 15.
37
Lord Oliver, The Myth of Governor Eyre (London, 1933), p. 115; Missionary Hymns... of the London Missionary Society (London, 1830), p. 43 as quoted in Raphael Samuel (Editor), Patriotism. The making and unmaking of British National Identity, Vol. I (London, 1969), p. 194: John Wolffe, "Evangelicalism... in mid-ninteeth century England".
38
Mackenzie, Imperialism in Popular culture, p. 33; David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Ithaca, N. Y, USA, 1977), p. 65; Peter Marsh, The Conscience of the Victorian State (London, 1979), p. 128; Alain and Cairns, Prelude to Imperialism (London, 1965), p. 238.
39
Alain and Cairns, pp. 246, 192.
40
Daunton and Halpern (Editors), The Empire and Others. British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples 1600-1850 (London, 1999), p. 365; Hill Schwarz (Editor), The Expansion of England. Race, Ethnicity and cultural History (London, 1996), p. 162; Thomas R. Trautmann, Aryans and British India (Los Angeles, 1997), reviewed in American Historical Review, Vol. CIV, No. 2 (April, 1999), p. 639.
41
Chris R. Vanden Bossche, Carlyle and the Search for Authority (Columbus, Ohio, USA, 1991), p. 137, quoting Carlyle, Collected Letters (Durham, 1970), 13: 192 and Carlyle, Reminiscences of my Irish Journey in 1849, p. 176; Robert Knox, The Races of Men (Philadelphia, 1850), 26, 216-220; 41. 89 f, 216, 253; Raphael Samuel (Editor), Patriotism, p. 196 (John Wolffe); Kathryn Tidreck, Empire and the English Character (London, 1992), p. 131.
42
Ibid., o. 257; J. M. Mackenzie, Imperialism and Popular Culture (Manchester, 1986), p. 5; Johannes H. Voigt, "Hitlerand Indien"; Vierteljahreshefte fur Zeitgeschichte, IX (1971), S. 33,49; Sidney Ball, Memories and Impressions of "an ideal Don". Arranged by Oona Howard Ball (Oxford, 1923), p. 211.
43
George Orwell, Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters, II (Harmondsworth, 1970), p. 95.
44
Richard Symonds, Oxford and Empire, pp. 55; cf. Vincent Harlow, The Historian and British Colonial History (Oxford, 1951), pp. 8, 9; Dickson A. Mungazi, The Last British Liberals in Africa: Michael Blundell and Garfield Todd (Westport, Conn., USA, 1999), cited in American Historical Review, Vol. CV, No. 5 (December, 2000), pp. 1845 f.
45
James A. Froude, Oceana. England and her Colonies (Leipzig, 1887), p. 44; Mackenzie, Imperialism and Popular Culture (Manchester, 1986), p. 41; Penny Summerfield, "Patriotism and Empire. Music Hall Entertainment".
46
Otto Gessler, in: Al Carthill, Die Erbschaft des Liberalismus (Berlin, 1926), S. IX; Esme Wingfield-Stratford, The Squire and his Relations (London, 1956), p. 92.
47
Ross McKibbin, Ideologies of Class. Social relations in Britain 1880β1950 (Oxford, 1991), p. 299, 288, 24, 275, 271 IT, citing R. Roberts, The classical Slum (London, 1974); C. F. G. Masterman, England after the War (London, 1922), pp. 54 f.; A. Finkel and C. Leibovitz, The ChamberlainβHitler Collusion (Halifax, Canada, 1997), p. 38.
48
Patricia Meehan, The Unnecessary Win Whitehall and the German Resistance (1992), p. 24; John H. Clarke, The Call of the Sword (London, The Financial News, 1917), pp. 8, 15, 30 f, 33, 34, 52 f; Panikos Panayi, The Enemy in our Midst. Germans in Britain during the First World War (Oxford, 1991), pp. 172-177, 180 f, quoting J. H. Clarke, England under the Heel of the Jew (London, 1918), pp. 58β61, 65; Kirton Varley, the Unseen Hand (London, 1917), pp. 25 f, 44 f, 49 f, 52 ff, 72, 75, 88 f; Arnolf White, The Hidden Hand (London, Septemberand October, 1917); The Vigilante of 23. February, 2., 9. and 16. March, 1918, 26. April, 1918.
49
D. S. Lewis, Illusions of Grandeur. Mosley, Fascism and British Society 1931β1981 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 261 f; Robert Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley (London, 1975), p. 333; Richard Thurlow, Fascism in Britain (Oxford, 1987), p. 16; Brigitte Hamann, Hitler's Vienna (New York, 1999), p. 404 f.
50
Margaret George, The Warped Vision of British Foreign Policy 1933-1939 (Pittsburgh, 1965), p. VIII: Preface by R. Colodny; Ross McKibbin, Class and Culture. England 1918-1951 (London, 1998), p. 530.
51
N. Bethell, The War Hitler Won. September, 1939 (London, n. d.), p. 180; Ross McKibbin, ibid., p. V; E. P. Thompson, The making of the English working Class (1968), pp. 26 f; A. Finkel and C. Leibovitz, The ChamberlainβHitler Collusion, p. 37, 38, quoting Margaret George, The Hollow Men (London, 1967), p. 66; Ellis Wasson, Born to rule. British political Elites (New York, 2000) reviewed in American Historical Review, Vol. CVII, No. 3 (June, 2002), p. 935; Philip M. Taylor, British propaganda in the twentieth century. Selling Democracy (Edinburgh, 1999), p. 91.
52
Peter Neville, Appeasing Hitler. The Diplomacy of Sir Nevile Henderson (New York, 2000), p. IX; Ross McKibbin, pp. 529, 290.
53
Richard Overy, Russia's War. Blood upon the Snow. (New York, 1997), pp. 60 f; John W. Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI. His Life and Reign (London, 1958), p. 347; Alvin Finkel and Clement Leibovitz, The Chamberlain-Hitler Collusion (1997), pp. 143, 148, quoting Neville Chamberlain's own notes.
54
Patricia Meehan, The Unnecessary War. Whitehall and te German Resistance to Hitler (London, 1992), pp. 4, 389 f. (FO 371/46790, in the files of the Foreign Office).
55
Sven Lindquist, "Exterminate all the Brutes" (London, 1996), p. 10; Schwetzinger Zeitung of 16. February, 1999: Ulrich Schilling-Strack, "Erst Lafontaine, dann Neumann".
56
ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅Π², β ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π» Π² 1926 Π³. Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ»Π΅Ρ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌ. Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°).
57
29 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 1947 Π³. Π₯ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅.
58
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ β Π² 1955 Π³. ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ "Elemente und Ursprunge totaler Herrschaft" (ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌ. Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°).
59
Hannah Arendt, Elemente und Ursprunge totaler Herrschaft (Frankfurt, 1955), p. 292; pp. 177, 212 of the English version; Russland und Deutschland im 19. Und 20. Jahrhundert. Zwei Sonderwege... Herausgegeben von Nicolaus Lobkowicz... (Koln, 2001), S. 89; Charles Wenworth Dilke. The Greater Britain (London, 1894), p. 535; Herbert G. Wells, Works, Vol IV (London, 1924), p. 274; A. Toynbee, A Study of History, I (Oxford, 1935), p. 213.
60
Dietz Bering. Der Intellektuelle. Geschichte eines Schimpfwortes (Stuttgart, 1978).
61
Friedrich Lange, Reines Deutschtum. Grundzuge nationaler Weltanschauung (Berlin, 1904), S. 386f.
62
Daniel Gasman, The scientific origins of National Socialism. The Social Darwinism of
Ernst Haeckel (London, 1971), pp. 127, 30, 131 f, 173.
63
Joachim Kohler, Wagners Hitler. Der Prophet und sein Vollstrecker (Munchen, 1997),
S. 240, 241, 245 (Anm 50), 249, 251.
64
ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ ΠΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ ΠΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ (1816β1882) β ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
65
Josephs Goebbels, Samtliche Fragmente (Munchen, 1987), Teil I, S. 72f, 178:
Tagebuchnotiz vom 8. Mai 1926.