Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π½Π° Bookidrom.ru! БСсплатныС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅

Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ «Как католичСская Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ создала Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ†ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽΒ». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 49

Автор Вомас Вудс

32

G. Cyprian Alston, "The Benedictine Order," Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 1913.

33

Alexander Clarence Flick, The Rise of the Mediaeval Church (NewYork: BurtFranklin, 1909), 216.

34

НынС ΠœΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ‡ΡƒΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ унивСрситСт Π² АмхСрстС (University of Massachusetts Amherst). β€“ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄.

35

Henry H. Goodell, "The Influence of the Monks in Agriculture," address delivered before the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, August 23, 1901, 22. Copy in the Goodell Papers at the University of Massachusetts.

36

Flick, 223.

37

Cm. John Henry Cardinal Newman, Essays and Sketches, vol. 3, Charles Frederick Harrold, ed. (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1948), 264–265.

38

Goodell, "The Influence of the Monks in Agriculture",11.

39

Ibid., 6.

40

Charles Montalembert, The Monks of the West: From Saint Benedict to Saint Bernard, vol. 5 (London: Nimmo, 1896), 208.

41

Goodell, "The Influence of the Monks in Agriculture", 7–8.

42

Ibid., 8.

43

Ibid., 8, 9.

44

Ibid., 10.

45

Montalembert, 198–199.

46

John B. O'Connor, Monasticism and Civilization (New York: P. J. Kennedy & Sons, 1921), 35–36.

47

Jean Gimpel, The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1976), 5.

48

Randall Collins, Weberian Sociological Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 53–54.

49

Gimpel, 5.

50

Ibid., 3.

51

Π¦ΠΈΡ‚. ΠΏΠΎ: David Luckhurst, "Monastic Watermills", Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, no. 8 (London, n.d.), 6; quoted in Gimpel, 5–6.

52

Gimpel, 67.

53

Ibid., 68.

54

Ibid., 1.

55

Reginald GrΓ©goire, Leo Moulin, and Raymond Oursel, The Monastic Realm (New York: Rizzoli, 1985), 271.

56

Ibid., 275.

57

Stanley L. Jaki, "Medieval Creativity in Science and Technology", in Patterns and Principles and Other Essays (Bryn Mawr, Pa.: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1995), 81; см. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Lynn White Jr., "Eilmerof Malmesbury, an Eleventh-Century Aviator: A Case Study of Technological Innovation, Its Context and Tradition", Technology and Culture 2 (1961): 97 – 111.

58

Joseph MacDonnell, S.J., Jesuit Geometers (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1989), 21–22.

59

David Derbyshire, "Henry'Stamped Out Industrial/Revolution'", Telegraph [U. K. I, June 21, 2002; см. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: "Henry's Big Mistake," Discover, February 1999.

60

Montalembert, 225, 89–90.

61

Ibid., 227.

62

Ibid., 227–228. Π£ ΠœΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π° имя Спископа Абсалона написано с ошибкой.

63

O'Connor, 118.

64

Montalembert, 151–152.

65

L. D. Reynolds and N. G. Wilson, Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature, 3 rd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), 83.

66

Ibid., 81–82.

67

Montalembert, 145.

68

Ibid., 146; Raymund Webster, "Pope Blessed Victor III", Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 1913.

69

Montalembert, 146. Π‘ΠΌ. ΠΎΠ± этом Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Newman, 320–321.

70

Newman, 316–317.

71

Ibid., 319.

72

Ibid., 317–319.

73

Reynolds and Wilson, 109.

74

Ibid., 109–110.

75

O'Connor, 115.

76

Montalembert, 139.

77

Newman, 321.

78

Montalembert, 143.

79

Ibid., 142.

80

Ibid., 118.

81

Alston, "The Benedictine Order".

82

Thomas Cahill, How the Irish Saved Civilization (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 150, 158.

83

Adolf von Harnack, Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚. ΠΏΠΎ: O'Connor, 90.

84

Flick, 222–223.

85

Π‘ΠΌ.: Charles Homer Haskins, The Rise of Universities (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1957 [1923]), 1; idem, The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century (Cleveland: Meridian, 1957 [1927]), 369; LowrieJ. Daly, The Medieval University, 1200–1400 (New York; Sheed and Ward, 1961), 213–214.

86

Daly, 4.

87

Richard Π‘. Dales, The Intellectual Life of Western Europe in the Middle Ages (Washington, D. C: University Press of America, 1980), 208.

88

Β«UniversitiesΒ», Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913. УнивСрситСты, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ стихийно ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΡŽ (ex consuetudine).

89

Ibid.

90

Gordon Left, Paris and Oxford Universities in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: An Institutional and Intellectual History (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1968), 18.

91

Daly, 167.

92

Joseph H. Lynch, The Medieval Church: A Brief History (London: Longman, 1992), 250.

93

Daly, 163–164.

94

Ibid., 22.

95

А. Π’. Cobban, The Medieval Universities: Their Development and Organization (London: Methuen& Co., 1975), 82–83.

96

Daly, 168.

97

Β«UniversitiesΒ»; Cobban, 57.

98

"Universities".

99

Daly, 202.

100

Leff, 10.

101

Ibid., 8–9.

102

Π‘ΠΌ. ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ Haskins, The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ The Rise of Universities, 4–5.

103

Π’ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сСгодня называСтся Π±Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ магистратурой. β€“ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄.

104

Daly, 132–133.

105

Ibid., 135.

106

Ibid., 136.

107

Edward Grant, God and Reason in the Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 184.

108

Ibid., 146.

109

Π­Ρ‚Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° АнсСльма ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Ρƒ Π΄-Ρ€Ρƒ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΌΡƒ Mappe (William Marra, ΡƒΠΌ. 1998). Он ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π» Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡŽ Π² УнивСрситСтС Ѐордхэма ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… философов, ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ бытия БоТия св. АнсСльмом ΡƒΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ.

110

Π¦ΠΈΡ‚. ΠΏΠΎ Grant, 60–61.

111

David C. Lindberg, The Beginnings of Western Science (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 196.

112

О Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ АбСляр Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» рационалистом Π² Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ XVIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π° Π±Ρ‹Π» Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ сыном ΠšΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ, см. David Knowles, The Evolution of Medieval Thought, 2nd ed. (London: Longman, 1988), 111ff.

113

Daly, 105.

114

Π‘ΠΌ. ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π°ΡΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡŽ: James A. Sadowsky, S. J., "Can There Be an Endless Regress of Causes? " in Philosophy of Religion: A Guide and Anthology, Brian Davies, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 239–242.

115

Henri Daniel-Rops, Cathedral and Crusade, trans. John Warrington (London: J. M.Dent & Sons, 1957), 311.

116

Ibid., 308.

117

Lindberg, 363.

118

Christopher Dawson, Religion and the Rise of Western Culture (New York: Image Books, 1991 [1950]), 190–191.

119

Grant, 356.

120

Ibid., 364.

121

J. G. Hagen, "Nicolaus Copernicus", Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 1913.

122

Jerome J. Langford, O.P., Galileo, Science and the Church (NewYork: Desclee, 1966), 35.

123

Joseph MacDonnell, S. J., Jesuit Geometers (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1989), 19.

124

Ibid.

125

Langford, 45, 52.

126

ΠŸΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π°ΠΊΡ – ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ полоТСния ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ полоТСния Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Ρ. β€“ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄.

127

Π’ΠΈΡ…ΠΎ Π‘Ρ€Π°Π³Π΅ (1546–1601) ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ систСму, которая прСдставляла собой Π½Π΅Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ срСднСС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π³Π΅ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠŸΡ‚ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠšΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π’ этой систСмС всС ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π—Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ, Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ†Π°, Π° Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ†Π΅ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π—Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ.

128

Ibid., 68–69.

129

Π‘Ρ€.: Jacques Barzun, From Dawn to Decadence (New York: Harper Collins, 2001), 40; ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ качСствСнный ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ этого вопроса см.: H. W. Crocker III, Triumph (Roseville, Calif.: Prima, 2001), 309–311.

130

James Brodrick, The Life and Work of Blessed Robert Francis Cardinal Bellarmine, S. J., 1542–1621, vol. 2 (London: Burns, Oates and Washbourne, 1928), 359.

131

James J. Walsh, The Popes and Science (New York: Fordham University Press, 1911), 296–297.

132

Edward Grant, " Science and Theology in the Middle Ages", in God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter Between Christianity and Science, David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers, eds. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), 63.

133

MacDonnell, Appendix 1, 6–7.

134

J. L. Heilbron, The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 203.

135

Zdenek Kopal, "The Contribution of Boscovich to Astronomy and Geodesy", in Roger Joseph Boscovich, S. J., F. R. S., 1711–1787, Lancelot Law Whyte, ed. (New York: Fordham University Press, 1961), 175.

136

ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ транскрипция Ρ„Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ – Π”ΡŽΠ°Π½. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ принята Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ слоТившаяся Π² русской Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ транскрипция. β€“ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄.

137

Π‘ΠΌ.: Thomas Π•. Woods, Jr., The Church and the Market: A Catholic Defense of the Free Economy (Lanham, Md.: Lexington, 2005), 169–174.

138

Stanley L. Jaki, Science and Creation: From Eternal Cycles to an Oscillating Universe (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1986), 150. Β«Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ соСдинСниС разумности Π’Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρ†Π° с постоянством ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ заслуТиваСт упоминания, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ содСрТит прСдставлСниС ΠΎΠ± автономности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Β». Ibid. Π‘Ρ€.: Пс8, 4, 19,3–7, 104,9, 148, 3,6; Π˜Π΅Ρ€5, 24, 31,35.

139

Дэвид Π›ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π±Π΅Ρ€Π³ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ нСсколько ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² упоминания этого стиха св. Августином; см. David Π‘. Lindberg, "On the Applicability of Mathematics to Nature: Roger Bacon and His Predecessors", British Journal for the History of Science 15 (1982): 7.