156
95. Ibid, p. 310.
157
1. Cited in Zoe Oldenbourg, Massacre at Montsegur, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1997, Appendix Π‘ p. 376.
158
2. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 339 and 993.
159
3. Π‘ΠΌ, ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Malcolm Lambert, Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992, p. 395: Β«Π₯ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅, Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Β» Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅β¦ ΠΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΠΆΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ; Ρ Π½Π°Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΆΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Β».
160
4. Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΌ. Oldenbourg, op. cit, pp. 30β31; Malcolm Lambert, The Cathars, Blackwell, Oxford 1998, p. 23; Stephen O'Shea, The Perfect Heresy: The Life and Death of the Cathars, Profile Books, London, 2001, pp. 22β23; Aubrey Burl, Gods Heretics: The Albigensian Crusade, Sutton Publishing, Stroud, 2002, p. 9; Steven Runciman, The Medieval Manichee: A Study of Christian Dualist Heresy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 67; Lambert, Medieval Heresy, pp. 55β56.
161
5. Runciman, op. cit, p. 68; Lambert, The Cathars, p. 23; Malcolm Barber, The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages, Longman, London, 2000, p. 16.
162
6. Runciman, op. cit, p. 67.
163
7. Π€Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (933β956), Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅. Π‘ΠΌ. Janet Hamilton and Bernard Hamilton, Christian Dualist Heresies in the Byzantine World C.650β1405, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1998, pp. 98β101.
164
8. Runciman, op. cit, p. 68.
165
9. Cited in ibid, p. 67.
166
10. Ibid, p. 68.
167
11. Oldenbourg, op. cit, p. 31.
168
12. Runciman, op. cit, pp. 69β70.
169
13. Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 32.
170
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (1056β1081) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΈΠ» VII ΠΡΠΊΠ° (1071β1078) ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΡ III ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ°Ρ (1078β1081). ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ: ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π² Π. Π., Β«ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈΒ», Ρ. I (Π‘ΠΠ±.: Β«ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΒ», 1998). (ΠΡΠΈΠΌ. ΠΏΠ΅Ρ.)
171
14. Ibid, p. 36.
172
15. Ibid, p. 37; Runciman, op. cit, pp. 70β71.
173
16. Ibid, pp. 70β71; Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 38.
174
17. Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 39; Runciman, op. cit, pp. 70β71.
175
18. Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 40; Runciman, op. cit, p. 71.
176
19. Runciman, op. cit, p. 72.
177
20. Barber, op. cit, p. 21.
178
21. Ibid, p. 21; see also Lambert, The Cathars, pp. 46β49.
179
22. Barber, op. cit, p. 22.
180
23. For example, see Runciman, op. cit, p. 170; Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, pp. 43β44.
181
24. Lambert, The Cathars, pp. 35 and 37.
182
25. Barber, op. cit, p. 71.
183
26. Lambert, The Cathars, p. 48.
184
27. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ³Π°Π±Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π» ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΌ. Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 32. For other examples see ibid, p. 266 and Lambert, The Cathars, pp. 22, 31.
185
28. Cited in Barber, op. cit, p. 16; Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 28.
186
29. Dimitur Anguelou, cited in Barber, op. cit, p. 16.
187
30. Obolensky, cited in ibid, p. 16.
188
31. Lambert, Medieval Heresy, p. 116.
189
32. Cited in Lambert, The Cathars, p. 203.
190
33. See Lambert, Medieval Heresy, p. 118.
191
34. Zigabenus, cited in Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, pp. 39 and 204.
192
35. Lambert, The Cathars, p. 248.
193
36. Lambert, Medieval Heresy, p. 118.
194
37. Ibid, p. 118.
195
38. Ibid.
196
39. Ibid.
197
40. Runciman, op. cit, p. 171.
198
41. Barber, op. cit, p. 73.
199
42. Oldenbourg, op. cit, p. 31.
200
43. Ibid.
201
44. Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, pp. 43β44.
202
45. Lambert, The Cathars, p. 33: Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π» consolamentum ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Β».
203
46. Ibid, Ρ. 204.
204
47. Sacconi, cited in ibid, p. 204.
205
48. Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, p. 1292.
206
49. Ibid.
207
50. Ibid.
208
51. The Cathar Pierre Autier, cited in Lambert, The Cathars, p. 251.
209
52. Ibid., p. 253.
210
53. Ibid.: Β«Π’Π΅Π»Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ, Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ°β¦ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ³Π°Β», ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΒ».
211
54. Ibid.
212
55. Ibid.
213
56. Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, p. 997.
214
57. Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 27.
215
58. See discussion in Lambert, Medieval Heresy, pp. 121 ff.
216
59. Lambert, The Cathars, p. 204.
217
60. Barber, op. cit, p. 19.
218
61. Cited in Lambert, The Cathars, p. 162.
219
62. Oldenbourg, op. cit, p. 35.
220
63. Ibid.
221
64. Pierre Autier, cited in Lambert, The Cathars, pp. 250β251.
222
65. Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΌ. Runciman, op. cit, p. 148; Barber, op. cit, p. 84.
223
66. Autier, in Lambert, The Cathars, p. 251.
224
67. Ibid.
225
68. Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΌ. Runciman, op. cit, p. 76.
226
69. Oldenbourg, op. cit, p. 35; see also Lambert, The Cathars, p. 25.
227
70. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² Oldenbourg, op. cit. Appendix C, p. 376.
228
71. Runciman, op. cit, p. 75.
229
72. Ibid, p. 150: Β«Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°, ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΡ Ρ, Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ».
230
73. Robert Bauval and Adrian Gilbert, The Orion Mystery, Heinemann, London, 1994; Robert Bauval and Graham Hancock, Keeper of Genesis (in the US: Message of the Sphinx), Heinemann, London, 1996; Graham Hancock and Santha Faiia, Heaven's Mirror, Michael Joseph, London, 1998.
231
74. E. A. Wallis Budge, The Egyptian Heaven and Hell (Book of What is in the Duat), Martin Hopkinson Co, London, 1925, pp. 240, 258.
232
75. Ibid, p. 240.
233
76. Ibid, p. 258.
234
77. See note 73 above.
235
78. Cited in Runciman, op. cit, p. 75.
236
79. Barber, op. cit, p. 97.
237
80. Ibid.
238
81. Ibid, p. 98.
239
82. Lambert, The Cathars, p. 197.
240
83. Ibid.
241
84. Barber, op. cit, p. 86.
242
85. Ibid, p. 87.
243
86. Hamilton and Hamilton, op. cit, p. 28.
244
87. Oldenbourg, op. cit, p. 36.
245
88. Ibid, pp. 36β37.
246
89. Lambert, Medieval Heresy, p. 119.
247
90. Runciman, op. cit, p. 164.
248
91. Ibid, p. 173.
249
92. Ibid, p. 164.
250
93. Ibid, p. 171.
251
94. Ibid.
252
95. Ibid, p. 172.
253
96. Ibid, p. 171.
254