Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π½Π° Bookidrom.ru! БСсплатныС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅

Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Β«Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½Β». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 43

Автор Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ Π›ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈ

К ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ случаям ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с Β«Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈΒ» Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ относится ΠΈ история с Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Опо-Π”ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ (Tursiops) Π² Новой Π—Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. ΠžΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ рассказ [1] ΠΎΠ± этом Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½Π΅ с многочислСнными фотографиями.

Π›Π˜Π’Π•Π ΠΠ’Π£Π Π

1. AlΡ€Π΅rs A., A Book of Dolphins, John Murray, London, 1960. Andrews R. Ch., Whale Hunting with Gun and Camera, D. Appleton and Co., New York, 1916.

2. Aristotle, The Works of, W. D. Ross (ed.), Oxford University

3. Press for The Great Books, vol. 9, p. 156, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, 1952.

4. Coppoletta J. M., Wolback S. B., Boston Children's Hospital data,l, 198 records, Am. J. Pathology, 9, 55–70 (1933).

5. Donaldson Н. H., The Growth of the Brain, Walter Scott Ltd., London, 1898.

6. Essapian F. S., Speed-induced Skin Folds in the Bottlenosed Porpoise, Tursiops truncatus, Breviora, Mus. of Comp. Zooi., 43, April 7 (1955).

7. Frazer J. G., The Golden Bough. (Π”ΠΆ. Π”ΠΆ. Π€peΠ·ep,Золотая Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΡŒ, М., 1928.)

8. Hezeen B. C., Whales Entangled in Deep Sea Cables, Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 4, pp.105–115, Pergamon Press, London, 1957.

9. Ireland W. W., Mental Affections of Children, J. and A. Churchill, London, 1900.

10. Irving L. P., Scholander P., Grinnel S. W., The Respiration of Tursiops truncatus, J. Cell. and Comp., Physiol., 17, 145 (1941).

11. Jacobs J., Marineland Diver, Dodd, Mead, New York, 1960.

12. Jansen J., On the Whale Brain with Special Reference to the Weight of the Brain of the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus), Norwegian Whaling Gazette, No. 1, 480–486 (1952).

13. Jennings H. S., Genetics of Protozoa, Nijhoff, The Netherlands, 1929.

14. Kellogg R., A Review of the Archeoceti, Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C., 1936.

15. Kellogg W.N., Kohler R., Morris H.N., Porpoise Sounds as Sonar Signals, Science, 117, β„– 3036, 239–243, March 6 (1953).

16. Kellogg W. N., Auditory Perception of Submerged Objects by Porpoises, J. Acoustic Soc. of Am., 31 (1), 1–6 (1959).

17. Kohler W., The Mentality of Apes, Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., London, 1925.

18. Kojima T., On the Brain of the Sperm Whale (Physeter catadon, L.), Sci. Rep. Whales Research Inst., No. 6, pp. 49–73, Tokyo (1951).

19. Kramer M. O., Missiles and Rockets, February 1, 1960.

20. Kramer S. N., History Begins at Sumer, New York, 1959.

21. Kruger L., The Thalamus of the Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and Comparison with Other Mammals, J. Comp. Neurol., 111, No. 1, 133–194 (1959).

22. Langworthy 0. R., A Description of the Central Nervous System of the Porpoise (Tursiops truncatus), 54, 537–588 (1932).

23. Lanyon W. E., Tavolga W. N., Animal Sounds and Communication, Am. Inst. of Biol. Sci., Washington, D. C., Pub. No. 7 (I960).

24. Lawrence B., Schevill W. E., The Functional Anatomy of the Delphinid Nose, Bull. of Mus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard Col., 114, 4, February (1956).

25. Le Gros Clark W. E., History of the Primates, British Museum (Natural History), London, 1953.

26. Lewis M. M., Infant Speech, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London, 1936.

27. Lilly J. C., Learning Motivated by Subcortical Stimulation: The Β«StartΒ» and the Β«StopΒ» Patterns of Behaviour, pp. 705–721, Chapter in: Reticular Formation of the Brain, Jasper H.H. et al., eds., Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1958. (Π”ΠΆ. Π›ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈ, ΠžΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ: старти стоп-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ повСдСния. Π‘ΠΌ. "РСтикулярная формация ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°", ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π“. Π“. ДТаспСра ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€., стр. 616–630, М., МСдгиз, 1962.)

28. LillΡƒ J. C.,Electrode and Cannulae Implantation in the Brain by a Simple Percutaneous Method, Science, 127, 1181–1182(1958.")

29. Lilly J. C., Some Considerations Regarding Basic Mechanisms of Positive and Negative Types of Motivations, Am. J. of Psychiatry, 115, 498–504, December (1958).

30. Lilly J. C., The Psychophysiological Basis for Two Kinds of Instincts-Implications for Psychoanalytic Theory, J. of Am. Psychoanalytic Assoc., VIII (4), 154–172, October (1960).

31. Lilly J. C., Miller A. M., Sounds emitted by the Bottlenose Dolphin-The audible emissions underwater or in the air of captive dolphins are remarkably complex and varied, Science,

133, 3465, 1689–1693. May 26 (1961).

32. Lilly J. C., Problems of Physiological Research on the Dolphin, Tursiops, Fed. Proc., 20, 1 (1961).

33. Lilly J. C., Miller A. M., Vocal Exchanges Between Dolphins, Science (1961).

34. Lilly J. C., Miller A.M., Operant Conditioning of the Bottlenose Dolphin with Electrical Stimulation of the Brain, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., February (1962).

35. Lilly J. C., Waveform Analysis of Dolphin Whales, Manuscript, 1961.

36. Lilly J. C., Solitude, Isolation and Confinement (Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ).

37. McBride A. F., Hebb D.O., Behaviour of the Captive Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, J. Comp. Phys. Psychol., 41, 22, 111–123, April (1948).

38. McBride A., quoted by Schevill W., Deep Sea Research, Vol. 3, 153–154, Pergamon Press Ltd., London, 1956.

39. McCarthy D., Summary in Manual of Child Psychology, L. Carmichael, ed., Wiley, New York, 1946.

40. Moore O. K., The Motivation and Training of Students for Intellectual Pursuits: A New Approach, Tenth Thomas Alva Edison Foundation Inst., 1959.

41. Norman J. R., Fraser F. C., Field Book of Giant Fishes, Whales and Dolphins, Putnam, London, 1937.

42. Norris K. S., Think (Intl.Bus. Machines),p.20,December (1960).

43. Norris K. S., Prescott J. H., Asa β€” Dorian P. V., Perkins P., An Experimental Demonstration of Echo-Location Behaviour in the Porpoise, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu), The Biological Bulletin, Lancaster Press, p. 163, April (1961).

44. Rensch B., The Intelligence of Elephants, Scientific American, pp. 44–49, February (1957).

45. Schevill W. E., Lawrence B., Auditory Response of a Bottle-nosed Porpoise, Tursiops truncatus, to Frequencies above 100 Kc., J. Exp. Zool., 124, NΒ°. 1, 147–165, October (1953).

46. Schevill W.E., Lawrence B., Food-finding by a Captive Porpoise (Tursiops truncatus), Breviora, Mus. of Comp. Zool., NΒ°. 53, Cambridge, Mass., April 6 (1956).

47. Schiller's translation of Instinctive Behavior, International Universities Press, New York, 1957.

48. Scholander P. F., Experimental Investigations of the Respiratory Function in Diving Mammals and Birds, Hvalraadets Skrifter, Acad. of Sciences, Oslo, Norway, 1940.

49. Scholander P. F., Schevill W. E., Counter-current Vascular Heat Exchange in the Fins of Whales, J. Applied Physiology, 8, 3, November (1955).

50. Scott R. F., Scott's Last Expedition, Beacon Press, Boston, 1957. (ПослСдняя экспСдиция Π .Π‘ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Ρ‚Π°, Гос. ΠΈΠ·Π΄. Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€, Π»ΠΈΡ‚.,М.,1955.)

51. Siebenaler J.B., Caldwell D. K., Co-operation among Adult Dolphins, J.of Mamm., Vol. 37, NΒ°. 1,126–128, February (1956).

52. Spitz R., Hospitalism, The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, Vol. 1, p. 53, International Universities Press, New York, 1945.

53. Spitz R., No and Yes, International Universities Press, New York, 1957.

54. Stebbins E. B., The Dolphin in the Literature and Art of Greece and Rome, Wisconsin, 1929.

55. Tavolga M. C., Essapian F. S., The Behaviour of the Bottle-nosed Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Mating, Pregnancy, Parturition, and Mother-Infant Behaviour, Zoologica, 42, Part 1, May 20 (1957).

56. Tinbergen N., The Study of Instinct,Oxford University Press, London, 1951.

57. Tower D. B., Structural and Functional Organization of Mammalian Cerebral Cortex: The Correlation of Neurone Density Brain Size, J. Comp. Neurol., 101, August 1 (1954).

58. Vierordt H., Das Massenwachsthum der Korperorgane des Menschen, Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol. Anat., s62 (1890).

59. Winge H., A Review of the Inter-relationships of the Cetacea, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 1921.

60. Wood F. G., Jr., Underwater Sound Production and Concurrent Behaviour of Captive Porpoises, Tursiops truncatus and Stenella plagiodon,Bull.Mar.Sci.Gulf and Caribbean,3(2) 120–133(1954).

61. Robertson R. B., Of Whales and Men, London, 1956.

62. Rasmussen G., Personal communication.

ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΡ

1

ΠœΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ свинья β€” ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²; Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² нашСй Ρ„Π°ΡƒΠ½Π΅ насчитываСтся ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 20 Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄.

2

Joy Adamson, Born Free. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π”ΠΆΠΎΠΉ Адамсон написала Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρƒ ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ±Π΅ Π»ΡŒΠ²ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ с Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π΅ Β«Π—Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅-сила» β€” (1963 Π³ΠΎΠ΄, β„– 1. стр. 24–27) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ "Добрая Эльса".ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ, Ρ€Π΅Π΄.

3

Π¦ΠΈΡ„Ρ€Ρ‹ Π² ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… скобках ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π° Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² спискС Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ, β€” ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄.


4

Один ΡƒΠ·Π΅Π» Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ 1 морской ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π² 1 Ρ‡Π°Ρ; морская миля Ρ€Π°Π² Π½Π° 1,852 ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°. β€” ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄.

5

ΠšΠΎΠ»Π΄ΡƒΡΠ»Π» наблюдал ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² СстСствСнной обстановкС [51].

6

ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π° Π² Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅Π΅ (ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСдой) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ аатоматичСскоС Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΏΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Π»Π°, установлСнноС ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π¨Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΌ ΠΈ ЛоурСнс.

7

Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠžΡ‚Π΅Π»Π»ΠΎ Π›Π°Π½Π³Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈ, Π―Π½Π° ЯнсСна, Π”ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π° Π’ΠΎΡƒΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ…, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Однако эти Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ с ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, Π° это Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ происходили посмСртныС измСнСния.

8

Под Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ «мотивация» Π² нашС врСмя Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ психологов ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ сущСствованиС Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ стрСмлСния, прСдрасполоТСниС ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ дСйствиям, связанным с Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ состояниСм Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, Π² частности с ΡΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сфСрой. К Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ стрСмлСниям относятся Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ чувство, страх ΠΈ Ρ‚. ΠΏ. ΠœΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ соотвСтствуСт ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ слоТнСйшСго бСзусловного рСфлСкса, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ инстинкта. β€” ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌ. Ρ€Π΅Π΄