Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Β«Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈΒ» Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΏΠΎ-ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ (Tursiops) Π² ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π· [1] ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ’Π£Π Π
1. AlΡΠ΅rs A., A Book of Dolphins, John Murray, London, 1960. Andrews R. Ch., Whale Hunting with Gun and Camera, D. Appleton and Co., New York, 1916.
2. Aristotle, The Works of, W. D. Ross (ed.), Oxford University
3. Press for The Great Books, vol. 9, p. 156, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, 1952.
4. Coppoletta J. M., Wolback S. B., Boston Children's Hospital data,l, 198 records, Am. J. Pathology, 9, 55β70 (1933).
5. Donaldson Π. H., The Growth of the Brain, Walter Scott Ltd., London, 1898.
6. Essapian F. S., Speed-induced Skin Folds in the Bottlenosed Porpoise, Tursiops truncatus, Breviora, Mus. of Comp. Zooi., 43, April 7 (1955).
7. Frazer J. G., The Golden Bough. (ΠΠΆ. ΠΠΆ. Π€peΠ·ep,ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Ρ, Π., 1928.)
8. Hezeen B. C., Whales Entangled in Deep Sea Cables, Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 4, pp.105β115, Pergamon Press, London, 1957.
9. Ireland W. W., Mental Affections of Children, J. and A. Churchill, London, 1900.
10. Irving L. P., Scholander P., Grinnel S. W., The Respiration of Tursiops truncatus, J. Cell. and Comp., Physiol., 17, 145 (1941).
11. Jacobs J., Marineland Diver, Dodd, Mead, New York, 1960.
12. Jansen J., On the Whale Brain with Special Reference to the Weight of the Brain of the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus), Norwegian Whaling Gazette, No. 1, 480β486 (1952).
13. Jennings H. S., Genetics of Protozoa, Nijhoff, The Netherlands, 1929.
14. Kellogg R., A Review of the Archeoceti, Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C., 1936.
15. Kellogg W.N., Kohler R., Morris H.N., Porpoise Sounds as Sonar Signals, Science, 117, β 3036, 239β243, March 6 (1953).
16. Kellogg W. N., Auditory Perception of Submerged Objects by Porpoises, J. Acoustic Soc. of Am., 31 (1), 1β6 (1959).
17. Kohler W., The Mentality of Apes, Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., London, 1925.
18. Kojima T., On the Brain of the Sperm Whale (Physeter catadon, L.), Sci. Rep. Whales Research Inst., No. 6, pp. 49β73, Tokyo (1951).
19. Kramer M. O., Missiles and Rockets, February 1, 1960.
20. Kramer S. N., History Begins at Sumer, New York, 1959.
21. Kruger L., The Thalamus of the Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and Comparison with Other Mammals, J. Comp. Neurol., 111, No. 1, 133β194 (1959).
22. Langworthy 0. R., A Description of the Central Nervous System of the Porpoise (Tursiops truncatus), 54, 537β588 (1932).
23. Lanyon W. E., Tavolga W. N., Animal Sounds and Communication, Am. Inst. of Biol. Sci., Washington, D. C., Pub. No. 7 (I960).
24. Lawrence B., Schevill W. E., The Functional Anatomy of the Delphinid Nose, Bull. of Mus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard Col., 114, 4, February (1956).
25. Le Gros Clark W. E., History of the Primates, British Museum (Natural History), London, 1953.
26. Lewis M. M., Infant Speech, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London, 1936.
27. Lilly J. C., Learning Motivated by Subcortical Stimulation: The Β«StartΒ» and the Β«StopΒ» Patterns of Behaviour, pp. 705β721, Chapter in: Reticular Formation of the Brain, Jasper H.H. et al., eds., Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1958. (ΠΠΆ. ΠΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈ, ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ: ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΏ-ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΌ. "Π Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°", ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π. Π. ΠΠΆΠ°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ., ΡΡΡ. 616β630, Π., ΠΠ΅Π΄Π³ΠΈΠ·, 1962.)
28. LillΡ J. C.,Electrode and Cannulae Implantation in the Brain by a Simple Percutaneous Method, Science, 127, 1181β1182(1958.")
29. Lilly J. C., Some Considerations Regarding Basic Mechanisms of Positive and Negative Types of Motivations, Am. J. of Psychiatry, 115, 498β504, December (1958).
30. Lilly J. C., The Psychophysiological Basis for Two Kinds of Instincts-Implications for Psychoanalytic Theory, J. of Am. Psychoanalytic Assoc., VIII (4), 154β172, October (1960).
31. Lilly J. C., Miller A. M., Sounds emitted by the Bottlenose Dolphin-The audible emissions underwater or in the air of captive dolphins are remarkably complex and varied, Science,
133, 3465, 1689β1693. May 26 (1961).
32. Lilly J. C., Problems of Physiological Research on the Dolphin, Tursiops, Fed. Proc., 20, 1 (1961).
33. Lilly J. C., Miller A. M., Vocal Exchanges Between Dolphins, Science (1961).
34. Lilly J. C., Miller A.M., Operant Conditioning of the Bottlenose Dolphin with Electrical Stimulation of the Brain, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., February (1962).
35. Lilly J. C., Waveform Analysis of Dolphin Whales, Manuscript, 1961.
36. Lilly J. C., Solitude, Isolation and Confinement (Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ).
37. McBride A. F., Hebb D.O., Behaviour of the Captive Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, J. Comp. Phys. Psychol., 41, 22, 111β123, April (1948).
38. McBride A., quoted by Schevill W., Deep Sea Research, Vol. 3, 153β154, Pergamon Press Ltd., London, 1956.
39. McCarthy D., Summary in Manual of Child Psychology, L. Carmichael, ed., Wiley, New York, 1946.
40. Moore O. K., The Motivation and Training of Students for Intellectual Pursuits: A New Approach, Tenth Thomas Alva Edison Foundation Inst., 1959.
41. Norman J. R., Fraser F. C., Field Book of Giant Fishes, Whales and Dolphins, Putnam, London, 1937.
42. Norris K. S., Think (Intl.Bus. Machines),p.20,December (1960).
43. Norris K. S., Prescott J. H., Asa β Dorian P. V., Perkins P., An Experimental Demonstration of Echo-Location Behaviour in the Porpoise, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu), The Biological Bulletin, Lancaster Press, p. 163, April (1961).
44. Rensch B., The Intelligence of Elephants, Scientific American, pp. 44β49, February (1957).
45. Schevill W. E., Lawrence B., Auditory Response of a Bottle-nosed Porpoise, Tursiops truncatus, to Frequencies above 100 Kc., J. Exp. Zool., 124, NΒ°. 1, 147β165, October (1953).
46. Schevill W.E., Lawrence B., Food-finding by a Captive Porpoise (Tursiops truncatus), Breviora, Mus. of Comp. Zool., NΒ°. 53, Cambridge, Mass., April 6 (1956).
47. Schiller's translation of Instinctive Behavior, International Universities Press, New York, 1957.
48. Scholander P. F., Experimental Investigations of the Respiratory Function in Diving Mammals and Birds, Hvalraadets Skrifter, Acad. of Sciences, Oslo, Norway, 1940.
49. Scholander P. F., Schevill W. E., Counter-current Vascular Heat Exchange in the Fins of Whales, J. Applied Physiology, 8, 3, November (1955).
50. Scott R. F., Scott's Last Expedition, Beacon Press, Boston, 1957. (ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π .Π‘ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΠΠΎΡ. ΠΈΠ·Π΄. Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ, Π»ΠΈΡ.,Π.,1955.)
51. Siebenaler J.B., Caldwell D. K., Co-operation among Adult Dolphins, J.of Mamm., Vol. 37, NΒ°. 1,126β128, February (1956).
52. Spitz R., Hospitalism, The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, Vol. 1, p. 53, International Universities Press, New York, 1945.
53. Spitz R., No and Yes, International Universities Press, New York, 1957.
54. Stebbins E. B., The Dolphin in the Literature and Art of Greece and Rome, Wisconsin, 1929.
55. Tavolga M. C., Essapian F. S., The Behaviour of the Bottle-nosed Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Mating, Pregnancy, Parturition, and Mother-Infant Behaviour, Zoologica, 42, Part 1, May 20 (1957).
56. Tinbergen N., The Study of Instinct,Oxford University Press, London, 1951.
57. Tower D. B., Structural and Functional Organization of Mammalian Cerebral Cortex: The Correlation of Neurone Density Brain Size, J. Comp. Neurol., 101, August 1 (1954).
58. Vierordt H., Das Massenwachsthum der Korperorgane des Menschen, Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol. Anat., s62 (1890).
59. Winge H., A Review of the Inter-relationships of the Cetacea, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 1921.
60. Wood F. G., Jr., Underwater Sound Production and Concurrent Behaviour of Captive Porpoises, Tursiops truncatus and Stenella plagiodon,Bull.Mar.Sci.Gulf and Caribbean,3(2) 120β133(1954).
61. Robertson R. B., Of Whales and Men, London, 1956.
62. Rasmussen G., Personal communication.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
1
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²; ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 20 ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠΌ. ΡΠ΅Π΄.
2
Joy Adamson, Born Free. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΠΆΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΄Π°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρ ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ±Π΅ Π»ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΡΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π΅ Β«ΠΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅-ΡΠΈΠ»Π°Β» β (1963 Π³ΠΎΠ΄, β 1. ΡΡΡ. 24β27) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ "ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ°".ΠΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π΄.
3
Π¦ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ, β ΠΡΠΈΠΌ. ΡΠ΅Π΄.
4
ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ·Π΅Π» ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ 1 ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π² 1 ΡΠ°Ρ; ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°Π² Π½Π° 1,852 ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. β ΠΡΠΈΠΌ. ΡΠ΅Π΄.
5
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΄ΡΡΠ»Π» Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ [51].
6
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π° Π² ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΅Π΅ (ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΉ) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΏΠ°Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π¨Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ.
7
ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΎ ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π―Π½Π° Π―Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π° Π’ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
8
ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΒ» Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Ρ. ΠΏ. ΠΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ°. β ΠΡΠΈΠΌ. ΡΠ΅Π΄