177
Robert A. Nisbet, The Sociology of Emile Durkheim (Oxford University Press, New York, 1974).
178
Ralph S. Solecki, Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal Flower Burial in Northern Iraq, Science 190: 880β881 (1975).
179
Anthony F. C. Wallace, Religion: An Anthropological View (Random House, New York, 1966).
180
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠΌ. John A. Miles, Jr., Zygon 12(1): 42-71 (1977).
181
Π‘ΠΌ. Objections to Astrology (Prometheus Books, Buffalo, N. Y., 1975) β ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ 192 Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ , Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ 19 Π½ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΌ. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Bart J. ΠΠΎΠΊ, A Critical Look at Astrology, pp. 21β33; Lawrence E. Jerome, Astrology: Magic or Science?, pp. 37β62.
182
Π€ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΒ».
183
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ β ΡΠΌ. Gerald Holton, Analysis and Synthesis as Methodological Themata, in The Scientific Imagination: Case Studies (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1977).
184
Alfred N. Whitehead, Science and the ModernWorld (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1926); Process and Reality (Macmillan, New York, 1929). ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³, ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ: ΡΠΌ. Charles Birch, What Does God Do in the World?, Union Theological Seminary Quarterly 30(4): 76β84 (1975).
185
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π’Π°ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠΌ. Alan Moorehead, The Fatal Impact (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1966); Robert Brain, Into the Primitive Environment (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1972).
186
Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Conrad Π. Waddington, The Ethical Animal (Atheneum, New York, 1961).
187
Π Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² β ΡΠΌ. Wilson, Sociobiology, ΡΡ. 560-562.
188
Roy A. Rappaport, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1968); The Sacred in Human Evolution, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2: 23β44 (1971). Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
189
ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΌ. Robert A. LeVine, Culture, Behavior, and Personality (Aldine, Chicago, 1973).
190
Keith Thomas, The Relevance of Social Anthropology to the Historical Study of English Witchcraft, in Mary Tew Douglas, ed., Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations (Tavistock, London, 1970), pp. 47β79. Π‘ΠΌ. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (Charles Scribnerβs Sons, New York, 1971); Monica Wilson, Religion and the Transformation of Society: A Study of Social Change in Africa (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1971).
191
John E. Pfeiffer, The Emergence of Society: A Prehistory of the Establishment (McGraw Hill, New York, 1977).
192
Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΠΎ Π¦Π·Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Β«ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡΒ».
193
Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Β«ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡ: Π‘ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ 30-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β» (Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties, revised ed. (Macmillan, New York, 1973), p. 641.
194
Ernest Becker, The Denial of Death (Free Press, New York, 1973).
195
Peter Marin, The New Narcissism, Harperβs (October 1975), pp. 45β56.
196
Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π° 31: 25-30.
197
Hans J. Mol, Identity and the Sacred: A Sketch for a New Social-Scientific Theory of Religion (The Free Press, New York, 1976). ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Robert N. Bell ah, Beyond Belief: Essays on Religion in a Post-Traditional World (Harper & Row, New York, 1970).
198
John W. M. Whiting, Are the Hunter-Gatherers a Cultural Type?, in Lee and DeVore, Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers, pp. 336β339.
199
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉ Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Gerhard Π. and Jean Lenski in Human Societies (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970).
200
ΠΠΎΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ° Π. ΠΠΈΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π‘. Π. ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Β«ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Β», ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² The New York Times Book Review, August 2,1970, pp. 2-3, 26. Cm. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Donald T. Campbell, On the Conflicts between Biological and Social Evolution and between Psychology and Moral Tradition, American Psychologist 30: 1103-1126 (1975); Ralph W. Burhoe, The Source of Civilization in the Natural Selection of Coadapted Information in Genes and Culture, Zygon 11(3): 263-303 (1976); John A. Miles, Jr., Burhoe, Barbour, Mythology, and Sociobiology, Zygon 12(1): 42-71 (1977); Charles Fried, The University as a Church and Party, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 31(3): 29β46 (1977).
201
Henry Adams, Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres (Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, 1936).
202
George C. Williams, Sex and Evolution (Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1975).
203
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄, ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎ-Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΌ. Peter L. Berger, Are Human Rights Universal?, Commentary 64: 60-63 (September 1977).
204
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΠΌ. Kenneth R. Hammond and Leonard Adelman, Science, Values, and Human Judgment, Science 194: 389β396 (1976); George E. Pugh, The Biological Origin of Human Values (Basic Books, New York, 1977).
205
ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π‘Π°ΡΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΠ½Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ.
206
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΌ. Robert W. McCarley and J. Allan Hobson, The Neurobiological Origins of Psychoanalytic Dream Theory, American Journal of Psychiatry 134: 1211-1221 (1977); J. Allan Hobson and Robert W. McCarley, The Brain as a Dream State Generator: An Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis of the Dream Process, American Journal of Psychiatry 134: 1335-1348 (1977).
207
ΠΠΎΠ² 38: 2-3, 16-18.
208
Π ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΌ. Robert M. Schwartz and Margaret Π. Dayhoff, Origins of Procaryotes, Eucaryotes, Mitochondria, and Chloro-plasts, Science 199: 395β403 (1978).
209
ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΌ. Charles Kadushin, Who Are the Elite Intellectuals?, The Public Interest 29: 109β125 (1972).
210
Π― ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π» Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈΒ» (Some Central Problems of Sociobiology, Social Sciences Information 14(6): 5-18 (1975).
211
ΠΡΡ ΠΈΠ» Β«ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉΒ».