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ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
1 ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΒ» (DSM) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² 1952 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (DSM-IV).
1. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏ1 Π― Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ.
3. Π’Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ: ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ1 ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·: DSM-IV ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Β«ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΒ» (ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ 307.21, Ρ. 108β116 DSM-IV) ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 12 ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²Β» (Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΒ»).
2 DSM-IV, Ρ.108. 3 DSM-IV, Ρ. Ρ Ρ Ρ . 4 Female Sexuality. New York: Evergreen Black, 1969. 5 The Manufacture of Madness. New York: Harper & Row, 1970. 6 ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎ Β«Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈΒ» ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Β». ΠΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, DSM Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ (DSM-IV, Ρ. 535).
4. Π’Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ1 Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 1 DSM-IV (Ρ. 898) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Β«ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡΒ». ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Β«ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
2 ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ: Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°. Π’Π΅Π»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ β Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
6. Π’Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅1 ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π», ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅, ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Β«Π’Π΅Π°ΡΡ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°Β» ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π»Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Β«ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²Β». Π‘ΠΌ. Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ: Barton David. Vaclav Havel. Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2006.
2 ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΎΠ½ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ³ΠΎ. Π― ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅. Π ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π‘Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π» Π±Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ Β«Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅Β», Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΒ» ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅; ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° Π ΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎ ΠΡΡ Β«Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΒ» (New York: Norton, 1953), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π°ΡΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎ ΠΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»: Β«ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°ΡΡΡΠ°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ; Π’ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Β». ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΠ½ΡΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π²ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π₯Π₯ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΠ΅Π²ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«Le SiΓ¨cle de Sartre: enquΓͺte philosophiqueΒ» (Paris: Grasset, 2000). β Sartre: the philosopher of the twentieth century. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2004.