At the center of the Author's attention in this treatise was the Tsushima Battle, which is the subject of the third part of the Trilogy, in conjunction with the contemporary local and world-wide historical events. During this relatively short period, the forces that would normally prefer to stay back in the shade, had manifested themselves in full measure.
What did actually happen in the Tsushima Strait on May 14,1905?
In finding this out the author, who was investigating the circumstances of the Battle itself and the preceding events, was helped a lot by the witness accounts by those participants whom the author calls trustworthy.
This approach proved to be very productive. As a result, a practical criterion was developed for the assessment of the trustworthiness of the participants9 accounts and vision of the historical events, which the author has called the Tsushima Criterion. The Tsushima Criterion may well be used as a practicable instrument for investigating any historical situations, especially of extreme nature.
It should be noted from the outset that Tsushima was treated not only as one military action of the Russo-Japanese War, important as it was, but as a salient geopolitical factor in the history of both Russia and the world at large, or metaphorically, its bifurcation point.
The author therefore saw as his most important task to clarify the circumstances of the preparation, long and meticulous, for the action, and pointing out some other factors that determined both the progress and the results of the Battle. It was not the author's special concern to break fresh ground, yet he was able to unearth something in the peripetiea of the battle that had to date been βthe best kept secretβ.
As an example, obviously the most unexpected, if not perhaps the most crucial, result of the entire work was the conclusion that the Tsushima Battle, or in any case its preliminary operation s the first offensive by the Russian squadron s was a doubtless tactical success, a victory of the Russian naval martial art. The whole of Tsushima, in any case its first day, was a victory of the Russian martial spirit, not abated by any material factors.
The first to recognize this were the Japanese admirals who went to any lengths to distort the truth about the first stages of the Battle in their reports and schemes, despite the fact that their material success during the daytime action of May 14, s the annihilation of the majority of the best battleships of the 2nd Squadron, s was really impressive.
Only in the light of this factual truth, concealed from the world right to this day, can we get an understanding of why the Minister of Navy of the victorious Japan, the Admiral-Baron Yamamoto Gombay, already after the Tsushima, undertook frenzied efforts to persuade his Government to βagree to concessions for the sake of peaceβ1{555}, which he did in concord with the Minister of War, the Minister of Economy as well as the commanding officers of the victorious Japanese Manchurian Army.
The possibly true pattern of the battle reconstructed in this work in the graphical as well as in other forms, shows clearly that it was not the brilliant tactical talent of the Japanese Commanders-in-Chief that was the genuine reason of our national tragedy.
The true reasons are pointed out of the Russian Fleet's perishing in Tsushima.
In the Tsushima Battle the officers and seamen of the Russian Imperial Navy manifested the loyalty and steadfastness that were far beyond human nature, such in fact that way ahead in 1941, Japan deemed it more expedient to stand out against two most powerful navy fleets of the world, the British and American.
And Yamato's sons were very nearly right!
In this sense, Tsushima was indeed a strategic victory of Russia and her Navy!
The discovered historical facts have aroused interest in the officers and admirals of the contemporary Russian Navy who were able to read the manuscript.
Please note that the author has deliberately clad this manuscript, which is comprised almost entirely of documents that are introduced for the learned society's attention for the first time ever, and is therefore a full-fledged scientific treatise in nature, in the form of a historical crime story written in a rather free style. In the author's opinion, this free-style approach to presenting the material that might otherwise be found boring, renders the book a pleasant reading for a mass reader rather than only a narrow circle of professionals.
In this the author strictly follows the behest of Lev Gumilev who believed clothing the scientific ideas in a βfunny Russian styleβ to be the most effective way of driving those ideas home to the mass reader.
The same purpose is promoted by the super-detailed tables of contents for each book, making them sort of a brief introduction, or perhaps even separate chapters, within the larger context of the books.
Despite its rather bulky size the Trilogy is just a beginning, an invitation to a discourse, or probably a reflection, about the genuine aspects of the Russian and World History, especially the New and the most recent History.
The author is grateful to the reader for his/her interest in the issues raised and the points made and would appreciate any response, positive or negative alike.
* * *ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² 1947 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅. Π 1970 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠΠ£. ΠΈΠΌ. Π.Π. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π» Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° Π‘Π‘Π‘Π .
ΠΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΒ» (Π., 1986).
ΠΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ 1972 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π.Π. ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°: Β«ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Β» (Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅: ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π» ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΌ. Π., 2002), ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Β«ΠΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ β Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ± ΠΎΡ ΠΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°Β» ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ . Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
1
Π‘ΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° 1. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ. ΠΠ». 5.3: ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² β Π½Π° ΠΡΠΊΠ΄Π΅Π½.
2
ΠΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ.
3
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° 1. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ.
4
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° 1. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 1.
5
Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. β Π.Π.
6
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° 2. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ». 4.2: Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»Ρ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π²Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Β» ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»: ΠΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ» Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π¦ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.
7
ΠΠ· Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌΠ° Β«ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ 1. ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΒ». Π., 1990. Π’ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ.
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Π‘ΠΌ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 9: ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅.
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Π‘ΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° 2. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ. ΠΠ». 1.2: ΠΠΎΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ, ΠΈ Π³Π». 2: Money enough.
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ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±-ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: Lieutenant-Commander β ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ 3-Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π³Π° (Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ); Commander β ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π°; Captain β ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½-Π³Π°; Commodore β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ-Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π’Π°Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π°Ρ 1722 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°; Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ.
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ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅: http://battlefleet.narod.ru. Π ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°.
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ΠΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²: Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ·Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅; ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ X. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π΅ 1914-1918 Π³Π³. ΠΠ΅Ρ. Ρ Π°Π½Π³Π». Π.Π.Π’., Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π. Π’ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌ. Π. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°. Π., 1935; ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ Π. Π’ΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Hawkins. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ 4. ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ, 2004. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π°: HMS Raleigh; Hough Richard. The Fleet That Had to Die. L., 1958; Catalogue description from a Bonhams Asian Art sale in London, held on 21st September 2004. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎ Π₯ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π° 12-Π΄ΡΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ° Β«ΠΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Β», ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ 28 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ/10 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 1904 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ·Π°ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Ρ, Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Β«Π½Π΅ ΠΊ ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΒ», ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ² Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡ 3 Π΄ΠΎ 5 ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π¦ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π² Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π» Π·Π° 2200 ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ. Π£ Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Β» ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π» Π±Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠ΄Π·ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π¦ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Β».
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ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ³Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΌΡ, Π° Π½Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΠΠΎΠ³Π°: Β«ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΠ½ Π²ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ» Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» (ΠΡΡ 15:6). Π ΠΠΎΠ³Π°-ΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ.
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ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Β» Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ Β«Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Β», Β«ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Β» ΠΈ Ρ.ΠΏ.
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ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ.
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ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° 2. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 2: ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Ρ. Π£ΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ.
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Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ». 5.2, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»: ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°β¦
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Β«Π ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΎΡΡ-ΠΡΡΡΡΠ° Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π» Π’ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π°, ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅, ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ» Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π»Ρ βΠ¦Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡβ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΒ» (Π’ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄, ΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π., 1957. Π‘. 198).