4
Charles Taylor, A Secular Age, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 2007, pp. 20, 44.
5
Taylor, op. cit.
6
Richard Kearney, Anatheism (Returning to God after God), New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
7
London Times, 5 January 2011, p. 1.
8
Π ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ Β«ΠΠΈ-ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄Β» Π² ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌ. Β«Travellers flock to find roadside comfort at the shrine where Royal Enfield is GodΒ», London Times, 5 February 2011.
9
Peter L.Berger (ed.), The Desecularisation of the World, Resurgent Religion and World Politics, Washington DC: Ethics and Public Policy Center/William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1999, p. 2.
10
Berger, op. cit.
11
Eben Alexander, Proof of Heaven: A Neurologistβs Journey to the Afterlife, New York: Piatkus, 2012, passim.
12
Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 3.
13
Norris and Inglehart, op. cit., p. 13.
14
Ibid., p. 14.
15
Ibid., p. 221.
16
Ibid., p. 16.
17
Ibid., p. 23.
18
John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, God Is Back: How the Global Revival of Faith Is Changing the World, London: Allen Lane, 2009. Rodney Stark and Roger Finke, Acts of Faith, Los Angeles, Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 2000, pp. 4, 79. London Times, 2 May 2009, pp. 58β59.
19
Micklethwait and Wooldridge, op. cit., p. 58, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² London Times, 2 May 2009.
20
Norris and Inglehart, op. cit., p. 231. Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion, New York and London, 2013, pp. 311β313.
21
Norris and Inglehart, ibid.
22
Nigel Biggar, βWhat's it all for?β Financial Times, 24 December 2008.
23
βGod eclipsed by ghost believers,β London Daily Mail, 24 November 2008. Thomas Dumm, Loneliness as a Way of Life, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010.
24
Michael Foley, The Age of Absurdity, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011. Ben Okri, βOur false oracles have failed. We need a new vision to live by,β London Times, 30 October 2009. Jeanette Winterson, βIn a crisis art still asks simply that we rename what is important,β London Times, 1 November 2008.
25
London Times, 4 September 2009, p. 15. Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, βThe Paradox of Declining Female Happiness,β American Economic Journal, vol. 1 (2), pp. 190β225, August 2009.
26
New York Times, 20 January 2013, p. A3.
27
Curtis Cate, Friedrich Nietzsche, London: Hutchinson, 2002, p. 395.
28
Cate, op. cit., p. 395.
29
Luc Ferry, LβHomme-Dieu ou le sens de la vie, Paris: Grasset, 1996. Man Made God: the Meaning of Life, trans. David Pellauer, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995. See also Ferry, What Is the Good Life?, Chicago University Press, 2009.
30
Ferry, Man Made God, p. 153.
31
Ibid., p. 180.
32
Ibid., p. 183.
33
Ibid., pp. 167, 181.
34
Jennifer Michael Hecht, Doubt as History: the Great Doubters and Their Legacy of Innovation, from Socrates and Jesus to Jefferson and Emily Dickinson, San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 2004, p. 371.
35
Owen Chadwick, The Secularisation of Europe in the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1975, p. 89 and passim. Π‘ΠΌ. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: James Thrower, The Alternative Tradition: Religion and the Rejection of Religion in the Ancient World, The Hague and New York: Mouton, 1980.
36
Larry Witham, The Measure of God: Historyβs Greatest Minds Wrestle with Reconciling Science and Religion, San Francisco, Harper, 2005, passim.
37
Callum Brown, The Death of Christian Britain, Understanding Secularisation 1800β2000, 2nd edn, London and New York: Routledge, 2009; ΡΠΌ. ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ch. 6. Olivier Roy, Holy Ignorance: When Religion and Culture Part Ways, trans. Roy Schwartz, London: Hurst, 2010, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ chs 4, 7.
38
Chadwick, op. cit., p. 133.
39
Steven Aschheim, The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany, Ca. and Oxford, England: University of California Press, 1992, p. 17.
40
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 19.
41
Ibid., p. 20.
42
Ibid., p. 22.
43
Ibid., p. 25.
44
Seth Taylor, Left-wing Nietzscheans: The Politics of German Expressionism, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1990. Richard Schacht (ed.), Nietzsche, Genealogy and Morality: Essays in Nietzscheβs Genealogy of Morals, Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1994, p. 460.
45
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 31.
46
Ibid., p. 33.
47
Ibid., p. 39.
48
Ibid.
49
Π‘ΠΌ. ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Bernard Shaw, The Sanity of Art: An Exposure of the Current Nonsense about Artists Being Degenerate, London: New Age Press, 1908.
50
Joachim Kohler, Nietzsche and Wagner: A Study in Subjugation, trans. Ronald Taylor, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998, chapters 4 and 9.
51
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 40.
52
Ibid., p. 43.
53
Ibid., p. 45.
54
Ibid., p. 49.
55
Paul Bishop (ed.), A Companion to Nietzsche: Life and Works, Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2012, pp. 51β57.
56
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 51.
57
Ibid., p. 52.
58
Ibid., p. 57.
59
Martin Green, Mountain of Truth: The Counterculture Begins: Ascona, 1900β1920, Hanover and London: Tufts University Press, New England, 1986, p. 185.
60
Green, op. cit., p. 186.
61
Ibid., p. 56.
62
Ibid., p. 68.
63
Ibid., p. 71.
64
Joachim KΓΆhler, Zarathustraβs Secret: The Interior Life of Friedrich Nietzsche, trans. Ronald Taylor, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π° 10.
65
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 221.
66
Ibid., p. 70.
67
Ibid., p. 102.
68
Eugene L.Stelzig, Hermann Hesseβs Fictions of the Self: Autobiography and the Confessional Imagination, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 1988, pp. 117β118.
69
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 64.
70
Ibid., p. 60.
71
Green, op. cit., p. 95.
72
Ibid., p. 96.
73
Ibid., pp. 99β100.
74
Susan A.Manning, Ecstasy and the Demon: Feminism and Nationalism in the Dances of Mary Wigman, Los Angeles, Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1993, p. 127.
75
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 102.
76
Ibid., p. 103.
77
Ibid., p. 106.
78
Ibid., p. 107.
79
Rudolf Laban, The Mastery of Movement, Plymouth: Northcote House, 1988. John Hodgson, Mastering Movement: The Life and Work of Rudolf Laban, London: Methuen, 2001, pp. 72, 82β83.
80
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 143.
81
Ibid., pp. 143β144.
82
Tom Sandqvist, Dada East: The Romanians of Cabaret Voltaire, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006, pp. 87, 188.
83
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 61.
84
Ibid., pp. 62β63.
85
Manning, op. cit., pp. 160β161.
86
Ibid., p. 115.
87
Neil Donohue (ed.), A Companion to the Literature of German Expressionism, Rochester, NY, Woodbridge: Camden House, 2005, pp. 175β176.
88
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 65.
89
J.M.Ritchie, Gottfried Benn: The Unreconstructed Expressionist, London: Wolff, 1972.
90
Aschheim, op. cit., p. 68.
91
Ibid., p. 112.
92
Ibid., p. 117.
93
Ibid., p. 124.
94
Adian Del Caro, Nietzsche contra Nietzsche: Creativity and the Anti-Romantic, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
95
Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. xβxii.
96
Peter Watson, Ideas: A History from Fire to Freud, London: Weidenfeld& Nicolson, 2005, p. 936.
97
Ibid., p. 935.
98
Edward Lurie, Louis Agassiz: a Life in Science, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960, pp. 346β347.
99
Watson, op. cit, p. 944.
100
ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ β ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΄, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² 1887 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Β«Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΒ». ΠΠ½ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ°Π» Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π¨ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ β Π² ΠΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π±ΡΡΠ³Π΅, ΠΠ»Π°Π·Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π½Ρ-ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² 1888 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ , ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΌ ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΠΆ. ΠΠΆ. Π€ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Ρ, ΠΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ΄Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠ½, ΠΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΠΎΡΡ Π£Π°ΠΉΡΡ Π΅Π΄, ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½ ΠΡΡΠΈ, ΠΠ»ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΡ Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΠ°ΡΠ» ΠΠ°ΡΡ, Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ ΠΠΈΠ±ΡΡ, ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΠΎΡ, ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ Π’ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π±ΠΈ, ΠΠΎΠ» Π’ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡ , Π ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½, ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠ·Π΅Π½Π±Π΅ΡΠ³, Π Π°ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ½ ΠΡΠΎΠ½, Π₯Π°Π½Π½Π° ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ, ΠΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΠΉΠ΅Ρ, ΠΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ, Π€ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΠ°ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½, Π§Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ· Π’Π΅ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ, ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆ Π‘ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Ρ, Π₯ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π‘ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½. Π ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ ΠΎ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π£ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉΒ». ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½, Π² Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°: ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ; ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ β Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, β ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΈ; Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ° β ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ»; ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π»ΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅), β Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ.