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Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ «БСспокойноС бСссмСртиС: 450 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ со дня роТдСния Уильяма ШСкспира». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 34

Автор Π’Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π° ΠšΠ°Π·Π°Π²Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ

А. Π’Сличанский считал, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Β«ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго поэтичСский ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ поэтичСским, Π° Π½Π΅ вСрсификационным явлСниСм. Волько Π² этом случаС ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сокровСнного Π²Π½Π΅ лСксичСского содСрТания поэзии, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅, Π² сущности, ΠΈ являСтся Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ содСрТаниСм. Π—Π΄Π΅ΡΡŒ ΠΌΡ‹ сталкиваСмся с самым слоТным вопросом, стоящим ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° вдохновСния, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ поэтичСский ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄, Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ сокровСнного ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ лишь СдинствСнным, Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ искаТСниС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ СдинствСнная гарантия ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ соотвСтствия Π΅ΠΌΡƒΒ».

Π―Π·Ρ‹ΠΊ ШСкспира сильно отличаСтся ΠΎΡ‚ соврСмСнного английского языка, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ½ достаточно Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π½ для англоязычных Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ сСгодняшнСго дня, хотя Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡˆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡŒΠ΅ΡΡ‹ Π² школС. ВСличанский, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠŸΠ°ΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°, старался ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ этот ΡƒΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ «историчСский» Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, вводя Π² свой тСкст Π°Ρ€Ρ…Π°ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ конструкции, Π½Π΅ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для Ρ€Π°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ языка. Π’ этом, Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ…, сразу Π±Ρ€ΠΎΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° сторон Π΅Π³ΠΎ Β«Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ искаТСния ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β». Но Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ поэтичСская воля.

Π‘ΡƒΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ знакомство с этим Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ, ΠΏΡƒΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ€Π΄Π° IIIΒ» ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ нашим читатСлям ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ сокровСнныС Ρ‚Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ нСисчСрпаСмого Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° ШСкспира.

Act I

Scene 1

Enter Richard Duke of Glouster, solus.


Richard

Now is the winter of our discontent
Made glorious summer by this son of York,
And all the clouds that loured upon our house
In the deep bosom of the ocean buried.
Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths,
Our bruisèd arms hung up for monuments,
Our stern alarums changed to merry meetings,
Our dreadful marches to delightful measures.
Grim-visaged war hath smooth’d his wrinkled front,
And now, instead of mounting barbèd steeds
To fright the souls of fearful adversaries,
He capers nimbly in a lady’s chamber
To the lascivious pleasing of a lute.
But I that am not shaped for sportive tricks
Nor made to court an amorous looking-glass,
I that am rudely stamped and want love’s majesty
To strut before a wanton ambling nymph,
I that am curtailed of this fair proportion,
Cheated of feature by dissembling nature,
Deformed, unfinished, sent before my time
Into this breathing world scarce half made up,
And that so lamely and unfashionable
That dogs bark at me as I halt by them,
Why, I, in this weak piping time of peace,
Have no delight to pass away the time,
Unless to spy my shadow in the sun
And descant on mine own deformity.
And therefore, since I cannot prove a lover
To entertain these fair well-spoken days,
I am determinèd to prove a villain
And hate the idle pleasures of these days.
Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous,
By drunken prophecies, libels, and dreams
To set my brother Clarence and the king
In deadly hate the one against the other.
And if King Edward be as true and just
As I am subtle, false, and treacherous,
This day should Clarence closely be mewed up
About a prophecy which says that ΚΌG’
Of Edward’s heirs the murderer shall be.
Dive, thoughts, down to my soul, here Clarence comes.

Enter Clarence and Brakenbury, guarded.

Brother, good day. What means this armèd guard
That waits upon your grace?

Clarence

                                                     His majesty,
Tend’ring my person’s safety, hath appointed
This conduct to convey me to the Tower.

Richard

Upon what cause?


Clarence

                     Because my name is George.

Richard

Alack, my lord, that fault is none of yours.
He should for that commit your godfathers.
Oh, belike his majesty hath some intent
That you shall be new christened in the Tower.
But what’s the matter, Clarence? May I know?

Clarence

Yea, Richard, when I know, but I protest
As yet I do not. But as I can learn,
He hearkens after prophecies and dreams,
And from the cross-row plucks the letter ΚΌG’.
And says a wizard told him that by ΚΌG’
His issue disinherited should be.
And for my name of George begins with ΚΌG’,
It follows in his thought that I am he.
These, as I learn, and such like toys as these
Hath moved his highness to commit me now.

Richard

Why, this it is when men are ruled by women.
ΚΌTis not the king that sends you to the Tower.
My lady Grey, his wife, Clarence, ΚΌtis she
That tempts him to this harsh extremity.
Was it not she and that good man of worship,
Anthony Woodville, her brother there,
That made him send Lord Hastings to the Tower,
From whence this present day he is delivered?
We are not safe, Clarence, we are not safe.

Clarence

By heaven, I think there is no man secure
But the queen’s kindred and night-walking heralds
That trudge betwixt the king and Mistress Shore.
Heard you not what an humble suppliant
Lord Hastings was for her delivery?

Richard

Humbly complaining to her deity
Got my Lord Chamberlain his liberty.
I’ll tell you what, I think it is our way,
If we will keep in favour with the king,
To be her men and wear her livery.
The jealous, o’er-worn widow and herself,
Since that our brother dubbed them gentlewomen,
Are mighty gossips in our monarchy.

Brakenbury

I beseech your graces both to pardon me;
His majesty hath straitly given in charge
That no man shall have private conference,
Of what degree soever, with your brother.

Richard

Even so. And please your worship, Brakenbury,
You may partake of any thing we say.
We speak no treason, man. We say the king
Is wise and virtuous, and his noble queen
Well struck in years, fair, and not jealous.
We say that Shore’s wife hath a pretty foot,
A cherry lip, a bonny eye, a passing pleasing tongue,
And that the queen’s kindred are made gentlefolks.
How say you, sir? Can you deny all this?

Brakenbury

With this, my lord, myself have nought to do.


Richard

Naught to do with Mistress Shore? I tell thee, fellow,
He that doth naught with her (excepting one)
Were best to do it secretly alone.

Brakenbury

What one, my lord?


Richard

Her husband, knave. Wouldst thou betray me?


Brakenbury

I do beseech your grace to pardon me, and withal
Forbear your conference with the noble duke.

Clarence

We know thy charge, Brakenbury, and will obey.


Richard

We are the queen’s abjects and must obey.
Brother, farewell. I will unto the king,
And whatsoe’er you will employ me in,
I will perform it to enfranchise you.
Meantime, this deep disgrace in brotherhood
Touches me deeper than you can imagine.

Clarence

I know it pleaseth neither of us well.


Richard

Well, your imprisonment shall not be long.
I will deliver you or else Lie for you.
Meantime, have patience.

Clarence

I must perforce. Farewell.

Exeunt Clarence, Brakenbury, and guards.


Richard

Go, tread the path that thou shalt ne’er return.
Simple, plain Clarence, I do love thee so
That I will shortly send thy soul to heaven,
If heaven will take the present at our hands.
But who comes here? The new-delivered Hastings?

Enter Lord Hastings.


Hastings

Good time of day unto my gracious lord.


Richard

As much unto my good Lord Chamberlain.
Well are you welcome to this open air.
How hath your lordship brooked imprisonment?

Hastings

With patience, noble lord, as prisoners must.
But I shall live, my lord, to give them thanks
That were the cause of my imprisonment.

Richard

No doubt, no doubt, and so shall Clarence too,
For they that were your enemies are his
And have prevailed as much on him as you.

Hastings

More pity that the eagles should be mewed
While kites and buzzards play at liberty.

Richard

What news abroad?


Hastings

No news so bad abroad as this at home:
The king is sickly, weak, and melancholy,
And his physicians fear him mightily.

Richard

Now by Saint John, that news is bad indeed.
Oh, he hath kept an evil diet long
And over-much consumed his royal person.
ΚΌTis very grievous to be thought upon.
Where is he, in his bed?

Hastings

He is.


Richard

Go you before, and I will follow you.


Exit Hastings.

He cannot live, I hope, and must not die
Till George be packed with post-horse up to heaven.
I’ll in to urge his hatred more to Clarence
With lies well steeled with weighty arguments,
And if I fail not in my deep intent,
Clarence hath not another day to live:
Which done, God take King Edward to his mercy
And leave the world for me to bustle in!
For then I’ll marry Warwick’s youngest daughter.
What though I killed her husband and her father?
The readiest way to make the wench amends
Is to become her husband and her father,
The which will I, not all so much for love
As for another secret close intent
By marrying her which I must reach unto.
But yet I run before my horse to market.
Clarence still breathes, Edward still lives and reigns;
When they are gone, then must I count my gains.

Exit.

Scene 2

Enter the corpse of Henry the Sixth, Halberds to guard it, lady Anne being the mourner [attended by Tressel, Berkeley, and other Gentlemen].


Anne

Set down, set down your honourable load,
If honour may be shrouded in a hearse,
Whilst I awhile obsequiously lament
Th’untimely fall of virtuous Lancaster.

The bearers set down the hearse.

Poor key-cold figure of a holy king,
Pale ashes of the house of Lancaster,
Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood,
Be it lawful that I invocate thy ghost
To hear the lamentations of poor Anne,
Wife to thy Edward, to thy slaughtered son,
Stabbed by the selfsame hand that made these wounds.
Lo, in these windows that let forth thy life,
I pour the helpless balm of my poor eyes.
Oh, cursèd be the hand that made these holes,
Cursed the heart that had the heart to do it,
Cursed the blood that let this blood from hence.
More direful hap betide that hated wretch
That makes us wretched by the death of thee
Than I can wish to wolves, to spiders, toads,
Or any creeping venomed thing that lives.
If ever he have child, abortive be it,
Prodigious, and untimely brought to light,
Whose ugly and unnatural aspèct
May fright the hopeful mother at the view,
And that be heir to his unhappiness.
If ever he have wife, let her be made
More miserable by the death of him
Than I am made by my young lord and thee.
Come now towards Chertsey with your holy load,
Taken from Paul’s to be interrΓ¨d there.
And still as you are weary of this weight,
Rest you while I lament King Henry’s corpse.

Enter Richard duke of Gloucester.