Izyaslav was a son to Yaroslav the Wise, the heir to the throne of Kiev, who ascended it on the death of his father. The younger brothers, who ruled in other cities, were to obey to him. At first, the brothers adhered to the will of their father, living in peace and harmony and taking up the arms only to defend the Russian cities from the attacks of foreign enemies. However, several years after, a quarrel happened with the relatives who governed Polotsk and were supported by local residents. This resulted in Izyaslavβs escapement to Poland, where he ensured the backing of the Polish king and returned to Kiev with troops. He managed to regain his power for several years, but then his brother Sviatoslav of Chernigov revolted. Izyaslav sought help from the King Boleslaw of Poland again, but was denied. Neither the German Emperor Henry IV nor Pope Gregory VII would help. Izyaslav wandered the foreign countries as a refugee until Sviatoslavβs death in 1076, and only then he took his rightful due, the throne of Kiev.
Once more, the Russian cities were divided between the brothers, and the peace resumed. Izyaslav engaged in domestic policy. He abolished the death penalty, and gave back to Constantinople the right to appoint metropolitans of Kiev.
The peace was disturbed by Oleg, son of Sviatoslav, who had come to age and decided to continue the quest of his father. On October 3, 1078, the troops of Izyaslav and Oleg Sviatoslavich met in a battlefield. Izyaslav Yaroslavich perished in this battle.
ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ Vsevolod Yaroslavich 1078-1093
ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π°. Π 1077 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π°, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ», Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π» Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ»Π°Π²Ρ, Π²ΡΠ³Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΈΠ΅Π²Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π°. ΠΠ°Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΊ ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ», ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π΅, Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ»Π°Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π» Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ.
ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°Π» Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ².
Π 1093 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π» ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ, Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ°Π² Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ», ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ.
Vsevolod Yaroslavich was the fourth son to Prince Yaroslav the Wise, and father to Vladimir Monomakh. In 1077, on the death of his brother Sviatoslav, he received the throne of Kiev, but gave it up to his older brother Izyaslav who was banished from Kiev by Sviatoslav. It should be noted though that Vsevolod committed this noble deed only when Izyaslav demanded the throne, threatening with the invasion of Polish army. Vsevolod got Town Chernigov to govern, and a year later, when Izyaslav died, Vsevolod Yaroslavich became Grand Prince of Kiev.
His reign was troubled by the Polovtsian raids and continuous internecine wars between nephews and numerous other relatives, which was caused by the imperfection of Yaroslavβs laws of inheritance, so that the prince had to be tom between domestic policy and military campaigns. Probably, Vsevolod was clever enough to combine one with another, as the chroniclers referred to him quite respectfully. Vladimir Monomakh pointed out that his father knew several foreign languages.
In 1093, Vsevolod, feeling that his strength was running out, summoned his eldest son from Chernigov, bequeathed to him the Kievan throne, and died.
Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ Sviatopolk Izyaslavich 1093-1113
Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ 1093 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠΈΠ» Π² ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΡ , ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ» ΠΎΠ½ Π·Π°Π½ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π°. ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π» Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.
ΠΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π΄Π΅. ΠΠ½ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π° ΠΠΈΠ΅Π². ΠΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π² ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΡ, Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ±Π° Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° β Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
Π‘ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½, ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π· Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΌ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ» Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π°.
Until 1093, Sviatopolk governed in Novgorod and took the throne of Kiev on the death of Vsevolod Yaroslavich, father to Vladimir Monomakh. Vladimir Monomakh gave him the priority voluntarily, as per rota system, because of Sviatopolkβs being the senior of the grandsons of Yaroslav the Wise.
The reign of Sviatopolk began with an ill-considered action that led to the woe. He captured the peaceful Polovtsian envoys, which served as a pretext for another raid on Kiev by Polovtsy. Realizing his mistake, Sviatopolk tried to seek peace with Polovtsy, but the nomads rejected the negotiations. Even the marriage of Sviatopolk to a Polovtsian princeβs daughter, a year after, failed to redress the situation β the wars still lasted for long.
The Kievan prince could not cope with the feud as well. Rus was split into separate principalities. Sviatopolk summoned the congresses of the princes, the decisions were made on termination of internecine wars and the joint struggle against the Polovtsy, but all these agreements were violated, and Sviatopolk himself infringed upon them too.
On the death of Grand Prince, the Kievan throne was not inherited by his children, for the townspeople elected Vladimir Monomakh as their governor.
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Vladimir Monomakh 1113-1125
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ-ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π―ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ», Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½, ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°.
Π 1113 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π ΡΡΡ. Π£Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π‘Π°ΠΌ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π» Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Β«ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π» ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ .
Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh grew up during the time when Rus was at war, both foreign and domestic: the Polovtsy were maintaining their attacks, while the princeβs relatives were fighting each other over the apanages. On the death of his father Vsevolod Yaroslavich, Vladimir could rightfully receive the throne of Kiev, but, trying to avoid a new feud, he invited Sviatopolk, his cousin, to rule as the eldest in the family, although the local townspeople did not like Sviatopolk and would prefer to have Vladimir as their prince.
Sviatopolk died in 1113, and the inhabitants of Kiev elected Prince Vladimir, whose reign was considered the best period in the history of Kievan Rus. Monomakh managed to pacify the Polovtsy, and they ceased attacks on Rus for long. The apanage princes were subdued under the authority of Kievan prince. The cultural life of the country started to flourish. The number of monasteries was increasing, the temples were decorated with frescoes. The chroniclers began to compile their records. Vladimir himself wrote the Β«InstructionΒ» addressed to the posterity, in which he described his own achievements and gave advice on how to act in various situations.
ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Mstislav Vladimirovich 1125-1132
ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π° β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ° Π·Π°Π½ΡΠ» ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ». ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π² ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π ΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π» ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΈΠΌΡ 1128 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΡ . Π’Π΅, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ , ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅, Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π» ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄. ΠΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°Π» ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π² ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π΅.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ-ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π² 1132 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ, Π ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
Mstislav Vladimirovich was the eldest son to Monomakh who took the throne of Kiev on the death of his father. His reign was short, and yet glorious.
The Polovtsy, once tamed by Monomakh, on hearing of his death attacked Rus again, but Mstislav, who gained the military experience following his father, managed to repel the raid. The next challenge for the young prince became the famine, which was a consequence of a very cold winter of 1128, when the frost killed the winter crops. Because of frosts and hunger, many people died, especially in the Novgorod lands. Those who survived tried to relocate to other, distant countries.
During his reign, Mstislav won many military campaigns. He was able to annex the lands of the tribe Krivichi, which could not be achieved by all his predecessors, and he waged successful war in Lithuania.
During the life of Mstislav, the princes maintained the peace, however reluclantly, but on his death in 1132, this order disintegrated, Rus came apart into independent principalities.
Π―ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Yaropolk Vladimirovich 1132-1139
Π―ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠ½ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π², Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π² Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» ΡΠ»Π°Π²Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ.
Π 1132 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π²Π°, ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ΅Π²Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π―ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΌ. Π―ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅, Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π» Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ» ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. Π‘Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Π ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ.
Π―ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ. Π Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π» ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π» ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ²Π°Π» ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ.