Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π½Π° Bookidrom.ru! БСсплатныС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅

Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ «ГалСрСя российских Ρ†Π°Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΒ». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 3

Автор И. Π›Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°

Izyaslav was a son to Yaroslav the Wise, the heir to the throne of Kiev, who ascended it on the death of his father. The younger brothers, who ruled in other cities, were to obey to him. At first, the brothers adhered to the will of their father, living in peace and harmony and taking up the arms only to defend the Russian cities from the attacks of foreign enemies. However, several years after, a quarrel happened with the relatives who governed Polotsk and were supported by local residents. This resulted in Izyaslav’s escapement to Poland, where he ensured the backing of the Polish king and returned to Kiev with troops. He managed to regain his power for several years, but then his brother Sviatoslav of Chernigov revolted. Izyaslav sought help from the King Boleslaw of Poland again, but was denied. Neither the German Emperor Henry IV nor Pope Gregory VII would help. Izyaslav wandered the foreign countries as a refugee until Sviatoslav’s death in 1076, and only then he took his rightful due, the throne of Kiev.

Once more, the Russian cities were divided between the brothers, and the peace resumed. Izyaslav engaged in domestic policy. He abolished the death penalty, and gave back to Constantinople the right to appoint metropolitans of Kiev.

The peace was disturbed by Oleg, son of Sviatoslav, who had come to age and decided to continue the quest of his father. On October 3, 1078, the troops of Izyaslav and Oleg Sviatoslavich met in a battlefield. Izyaslav Yaroslavich perished in this battle.

ВсСволод Ярославич Vsevolod Yaroslavich 1078-1093


ВсСволод Ярославич β€” Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΉ сын Ярослава ΠœΡƒΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ† Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…Π°. Π’ 1077 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, послС смСрти Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Бвятослава, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» киСвский прСстол, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π» Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Π˜Π·ΡΡΠ»Π°Π²Ρƒ, Π²Ρ‹Π³Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ· КиСва Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Бвятослава. Надо ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ этот Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ поступок ВсСволод ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ» Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ послС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Изяслав ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» прСстол, угроТая польским войском. ВсСволод сСл ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Π§Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π΅, Π° Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Изяслав ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ВсСволод Ярославич стал Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌ князСм киСвским.

Π•Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΌΡ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ†Π΅Π² ΠΈ постоянными мСТдоусобными Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ плСмянниками ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ многочислСнными родствСнниками, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ярославовых Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² наслСдования, поэтому князю ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ВСроятно, ВсСволоду ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ лСтописцы ΠΎΡ‚Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡƒΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π° ΠΈ Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ† Π·Π½Π°Π» нСсколько иностранных языков.

Π’ 1093 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ВсСволод, чувствуя, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ силы Π½Π° исходС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π» ΠΊ сСбС ΠΈΠ· Π§Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ сына ΠΈ, Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ‰Π°Π² Π΅ΠΌΡƒ киСвский прСстол, скончался.


Vsevolod Yaroslavich was the fourth son to Prince Yaroslav the Wise, and father to Vladimir Monomakh. In 1077, on the death of his brother Sviatoslav, he received the throne of Kiev, but gave it up to his older brother Izyaslav who was banished from Kiev by Sviatoslav. It should be noted though that Vsevolod committed this noble deed only when Izyaslav demanded the throne, threatening with the invasion of Polish army. Vsevolod got Town Chernigov to govern, and a year later, when Izyaslav died, Vsevolod Yaroslavich became Grand Prince of Kiev.

His reign was troubled by the Polovtsian raids and continuous internecine wars between nephews and numerous other relatives, which was caused by the imperfection of Yaroslav’s laws of inheritance, so that the prince had to be tom between domestic policy and military campaigns. Probably, Vsevolod was clever enough to combine one with another, as the chroniclers referred to him quite respectfully. Vladimir Monomakh pointed out that his father knew several foreign languages.

In 1093, Vsevolod, feeling that his strength was running out, summoned his eldest son from Chernigov, bequeathed to him the Kievan throne, and died.

Бвятополк Π˜Π·ΡΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‡ Sviatopolk Izyaslavich 1093-1113


Бвятополк Π΄ΠΎ 1093 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° княТил Π² Новгородских зСмлях, киСвский прСстол ΠΎΠ½ занял послС смСрти ВсСволода Ярославича, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Π° Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…Π°. Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ ВсСволодович ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π» Π΅ΠΌΡƒ княТСниС Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ² Ярослава ΠœΡƒΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.

ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Бвятополка Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поступка, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π΄Π΅. Он ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ†ΠΊΠΈΡ… послов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ послуТило ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ для ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ нападСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ†Π΅Π² Π½Π° КиСв. Осознав ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ±ΠΊΡƒ, Бвятополк пытался ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ шли. Π”Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΠ±Π° Бвятополка Π³ΠΎΠ΄ спустя Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ†ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ князя полоТСния Π½Π΅ исправила β€” Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ врСмя.

Π‘ мСТдоусобицСй киСвскому князю ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Π ΡƒΡΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ княТСства. Бвятополк собирал князСй Π½Π° ΡΡŠΠ΅Π·Π΄Ρ‹, Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½, ΠΎ совмСстной Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ†Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ эти договорСнности ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π· Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ самим Бвятополком.

ПослС смСрти Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ князя киСвский прСстол Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π» ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ дСтям, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ мСстныС ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…Π°.


Until 1093, Sviatopolk governed in Novgorod and took the throne of Kiev on the death of Vsevolod Yaroslavich, father to Vladimir Monomakh. Vladimir Monomakh gave him the priority voluntarily, as per rota system, because of Sviatopolk’s being the senior of the grandsons of Yaroslav the Wise.

The reign of Sviatopolk began with an ill-considered action that led to the woe. He captured the peaceful Polovtsian envoys, which served as a pretext for another raid on Kiev by Polovtsy. Realizing his mistake, Sviatopolk tried to seek peace with Polovtsy, but the nomads rejected the negotiations. Even the marriage of Sviatopolk to a Polovtsian prince’s daughter, a year after, failed to redress the situation β€” the wars still lasted for long.

The Kievan prince could not cope with the feud as well. Rus was split into separate principalities. Sviatopolk summoned the congresses of the princes, the decisions were made on termination of internecine wars and the joint struggle against the Polovtsy, but all these agreements were violated, and Sviatopolk himself infringed upon them too.

On the death of Grand Prince, the Kievan throne was not inherited by his children, for the townspeople elected Vladimir Monomakh as their governor.

Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… Vladimir Monomakh 1113-1125


Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ ВсСволодович ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ… рос Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π ΡƒΡΡŒ Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² состоянии Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ внСшнСй, ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ†Ρ‹, Π° родствСнники-князья бились Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹. ПослС смСрти ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Π° ВсСволода Ярославича Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ киСвский прСстол, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½, ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°ΡΡΡŒ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ усобицы, пригласил ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Бвятополка, своСго Π΄Π²ΠΎΡŽΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°, ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, хотя мСстныС ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Бвятополка Π½Π΅ любили ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ князСм Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°.

Π’ 1113 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Бвятополк ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΈ киСвскиС ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ князСм Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°. ВрСмя Π΅Π³ΠΎ правлСния считаСтся Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² истории КиСвской Руси. ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…Ρƒ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡƒΡΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ†Π΅Π², ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ врСмя Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π ΡƒΡΡŒ. Π£Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ князья ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ власти киСвского князя. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Π»Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΡ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Ρ Тизнь страны. Выросло мноТСство монастырСй, Ρ…Ρ€Π°ΠΌΡ‹ ΡƒΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ фрСсками. Начали ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ лСтописи. Π‘Π°ΠΌ Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ создал адрСсованноС ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Β«ΠŸΠΎΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ описал собствСнныС достиТСния ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π» совСты, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ситуациях.


Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh grew up during the time when Rus was at war, both foreign and domestic: the Polovtsy were maintaining their attacks, while the prince’s relatives were fighting each other over the apanages. On the death of his father Vsevolod Yaroslavich, Vladimir could rightfully receive the throne of Kiev, but, trying to avoid a new feud, he invited Sviatopolk, his cousin, to rule as the eldest in the family, although the local townspeople did not like Sviatopolk and would prefer to have Vladimir as their prince.

Sviatopolk died in 1113, and the inhabitants of Kiev elected Prince Vladimir, whose reign was considered the best period in the history of Kievan Rus. Monomakh managed to pacify the Polovtsy, and they ceased attacks on Rus for long. The apanage princes were subdued under the authority of Kievan prince. The cultural life of the country started to flourish. The number of monasteries was increasing, the temples were decorated with frescoes. The chroniclers began to compile their records. Vladimir himself wrote the Β«InstructionΒ» addressed to the posterity, in which he described his own achievements and gave advice on how to act in various situations.

ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡ Mstislav Vladimirovich 1125-1132


ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡ β€” ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠΉ сын ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…Π° β€” послС смСрти ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Π° занял киСвский прСстол. Π•Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ славным.

ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ†Ρ‹, ΡƒΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…ΠΎΠΌ, ΡƒΠ·Π½Π°Π² ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ смСрти, Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π ΡƒΡΡŒ, Π½ΠΎ ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ рядом с ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†ΠΎΠΌ, сумСл ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ испытаниСм для ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ князя стал ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ β€” послСдствиС ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ 1128 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π·Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹. ΠžΡ‚ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ людСй, особСнно Π² Новгородских зСмлях. Π’Π΅, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ остался Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΡƒΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅, дальниС государства.

Π—Π° врСмя правлСния ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π» ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄. Π•ΠΌΡƒ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ смогли Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°Π» ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π² Π›ΠΈΡ‚Π²Π΅.

ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ князья ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ-Ρ‚ΠΎ соблюдали ΠΌΠΈΡ€, послС ΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ смСрти Π² 1132 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ этот порядок разладился, Π ΡƒΡΡŒ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ княТСства.


Mstislav Vladimirovich was the eldest son to Monomakh who took the throne of Kiev on the death of his father. His reign was short, and yet glorious.

The Polovtsy, once tamed by Monomakh, on hearing of his death attacked Rus again, but Mstislav, who gained the military experience following his father, managed to repel the raid. The next challenge for the young prince became the famine, which was a consequence of a very cold winter of 1128, when the frost killed the winter crops. Because of frosts and hunger, many people died, especially in the Novgorod lands. Those who survived tried to relocate to other, distant countries.

During his reign, Mstislav won many military campaigns. He was able to annex the lands of the tribe Krivichi, which could not be achieved by all his predecessors, and he waged successful war in Lithuania.

During the life of Mstislav, the princes maintained the peace, however reluclantly, but on his death in 1132, this order disintegrated, Rus came apart into independent principalities.

Π―Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡ Yaropolk Vladimirovich 1132-1139


Π―Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‡ β€” сын Π’Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π², с ΡŽΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»Π΅Ρ‚ участвовал Π² боях ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ†Π΅Π², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» славу ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ†Π°. Но этого Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ нСдостаточно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ государством.

Π’ 1132 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, послС смСрти ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π²Π°, ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ КиСва Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ Π―Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° князСм. Π―Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅, навСрняка ΠΈΠ· Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» княТСство сыну ΠœΡΡ‚ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° ВсСволоду. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ поступок Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π» Ρƒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… княТичСй Π½Π΅ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡƒΠ» ΠΈΡ… ΠΊ бСспорядкам. Π‘Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ мСТдоусобицы, ΠΈ Сдиная Π ΡƒΡΡŒ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ.

Π―Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡƒ постоянно ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ. Но ΠΈ воинская ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ‡Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ князю. Π’ боях ΠΎΠ½ допускал ошибки, Π²Π΅Π» сСбя ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ³Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Π» сраТСния. Π‘ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π ΡƒΡΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ.