Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Β«ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ: ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅Β». Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° 57
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡ ΠΠΈΠ½
21 Pew Research Center, "The Web at 25 in the U.S.: The Overall Verdict: The Internet Has Been a Plus for Society and an Especially Good Thing for Individual Users."
22 Esha Chhabra, "Ubiquitous Across Globe, Cellphones Have Become Tool for Doing Good," New York Times, November 8, 2013.
23 Julia Angwin, "Has Privacy Become a Luxury Good?," New York Times, March 3, 2014.
24 Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994), p. xi.
25 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 1
1 "Ericsson Mobility Report," 2013.
2 Mat Honan, "Don't Diss Cheap Smartphones. They're About to Change Everything," Wired, May 16, 2014.
3 Tim Worstall, "More People Have Mobile Phones Than Toilets," Forbes, March 23, 2013.
4 Β«ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Β». ΠΠ· Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ericsson.
5 Michael Chui, Markus Loffler, and Roger Roberts, "The Internet of Things," McKinsey Quarterly, March 2010.
6 Matthieu Pelissie du Rausas, James Manyika, Eric Hazan, Jacques Burghin, Michael Chui, and Remi Said, "Internet Matters: The Net's Sweeping Impact on Growth, Jobs, and Prosperity," McKinsey, May 2011.
7 Π‘ΠΌ.: "Data Never Sleeps 2.0," infographic from the data company Domo, domo.com/learn/data-never-sleeps-2.
8 Clive Thompson, "Dark Hero of the Information Age: The Original Computer Geek," New York Times, March 20, 2005.
9 James Harkin, Cyburbia: The Dangerous Idea That's Changing How We Live and Who We Are (London: Little, Brown, 2009), p. 19.
10 John Naughton, A Brief History of the Future: From Radio Days to Internet Years in a Lifetime (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000), p. 52.
11 Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1948).
12 Harkin, Cyburbia, p. 22.
13 Vannevar Bush, "As We May Think," Atlantic Monthly, July 1945.
14 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 65.
15 ΠΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΒ», ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π ΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 1945 Π³.
16 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 70.
17 Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 34.
18 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
19 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 38.
20 Paul Dickson, "Sputnik's Impact on America," PBS, November 6, 2007.
21 Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 20.
22 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 15.
23 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 95.
24 Β«ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Ρ Π°Π» ΠΈΠ· RAND Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΄, β Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΡΡΠ°Π½. β Π ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΠΎΠΆΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Ρ ΠΠ½ ΡΡΠ΅Π» Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ?Β» Π‘ΠΌ.: Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 54.
25 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 92.
26 Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, p. 55.
27 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 56.
28 Johnny Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future (London: Reaktion Books, 2010), p. 22.
29 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 16.
30 Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, pp. 41β42.
31 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 263.
32 Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future, p. 39.
33 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 249.
34 Janet Abbate, Inventing the Internet (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), p. 186.
35 Larry Downes and Chunka Mui, Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998).
36 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
37 Outlook Team, "The 41-Year History of Email," Mashable, September 20, 2012.
38 John Perry Barlow, "A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace," February 8, 1996.
39 David A. Kaplan, The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams (New York: Perennial, 2000), p. 229.
40 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, p. 218.
41 Bush, "As We May Think."
42 Gary Wolf, "The Curse of Xanadu," Wired, June 1995.
43 Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (New York: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 5.
44 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
45 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 6.
46 Mariana Mazzucato, The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths (London: Anthem Press, 2013), p. 105.
47 John Cassidy, DOT.CON: The Real Story of Why the Internet Bubble Burst (Penguin, 2002), p 19.
48 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future, ch. 15.
49 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 261.
ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 2
1 David Streitfeld, "Tom Perkins, Defender of the 1% Once Again," New York Times, February 14, 2014.
2 Peter Delevett, "Tom Perkins Apologizes for Holocaust Comments, but It's Hardly His First Controversy," San Jose Mercury News, February 14, 2014.
3 "Progressive Kristallnacht Coming?," Letters, Wall Street Journal, January 24, 2014.
4 Delevett, "Tom Perkins Apologizes for Holocaust Comments."
5 David Streitfeld and Malia Wollan, "Tech Rides Are Focus of Hostility in Bay Area," New York Times, January 31, 2014.
6 Tom Perkins, Valley Boy: The Education of Tom Perkins (New York: Gotham, 2007).
7 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
8 Jordan Weissmann, "Millionaire Apologizes for Comparing Progressives to Nazis, Says His Watch Is Worth a '6-Pack of Rolexes,'" Atlantic, January 27, 2014.
9 Brad Stone, The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon (New York: Little, Brown, 2013), p. 12.
10 Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ-ΠΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 1993 Π³. Π£Π½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎ Π²Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Gopher. Π‘ΠΌ.: Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web (San Francisco: Harper SanFrancisco, 1999), pp. 72β73.
11 John Cassidy, Dot.Con: The Real Story of Why the Internet Bubble Burst (London: Penguin, 2002).
12 Kaplan, The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams, pp. 157, 209. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΌ.: "John Doerr #23, The Midas List," Forbes, June 4, 2014.
13 Kevin Roose, "Go West, Young Bank Bro," San Francisco, February 21, 2014.
14 Cassidy, Dot.Con, p. 22.
15 Jim Clark, Netscape Time: The Making of the Billion-Dollar Start-Up That Took on Microsoft (New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2000), p. 34.
16 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 68.
17 Cassidy, Dot.Con, p. 63.
18 Kaplan, The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams, p. 243.
19 Clark, Netscape Time, p. 261.
20 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 251.
21 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 249.
22 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 119.
23 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 67.
24 Thomson Venture Economics, special tabulations, June 2003.
25 Nicholas Negroponte, Being Digital (New York: Random House, 1996).
26 Kevin Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy (New York: Penguin, 1997).
27 Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants (New York: Viking, 2010).
28 Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy, p. 156.
29 Robert H. Frank and Philip J. Cook, The Winner-Take-All Society: How More and More Americans Compete for Ever Fewer and Bigger Prizes, Encouraging Economic Waste, Income Inequality, and an Impoverished Cultural Life (New York: Free Press, 1995).
30 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 47.
31 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 48.
32 "The Greatest Defunct Web Sites and Dotcom Disasters," CNET, June 5, 2008.
33 Cassidy, Dot.con, pp. 242β245.
34 Stone, The Everything Store, p. 48.
35 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
36 Fred Wilson, "Platform Monopolities," AVC.com, July 22, 2014.
37 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
38 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
39 Matthew Yglesias, "The Prophet of No Profit," Slate, January 30, 2014.
40 Stone, The Everything Store, pp. 181β182.
41 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 173.
42 Jeff Bercovici, "Amazon Vs. Book Publishers, By The Numbers," Forbes, February 10, 2014.
43 George Packer, "Cheap Words," New Yorker, February 17, 2014.
44 Steve Wasserman, "The Amazon Effect," Nation, May 29, 2012.
45 Sarah Butler, "Independent Bookshops in Decline as Buying Habits Change," Guardian, February 21, 2014.
46 Stone, The Everything Store, p. 243.
47 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 340.
48 Stacy Mitchell, "The Truth about Amazon and Job Creation," Institute for Local Self-Reliance, July 29, 2013, ilsr.org/amazonfacts.
49 Simon Head, "Worse than Walmart: Amazon's Sick Brutality and Secret History of Ruthlessly Intimidating Workers," Salon, February 23, 2014.
50 Spencer Soper, "Amazon Warehouse Workers Fight for Unemployment Benefits," Morning Call, December 17, 2012.
51 Hal Bernton and Susan Kelleher, "Amazon Warehouse Jobs Push Workers to Physical Limit," Seattle Times, April 3, 2012.
52 Lara Stevens, "Amazon Vexed by Strikes in Germany," New York Times, June 19, 2013. See also Ollie John, "Amazon Fires 'Neo-Nazi' Security Firm at German Facilities," Time, February 19, 2013.
53 Β«Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Amazon ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ "Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²"Β». BBC Business News, November 20, 2013.
54 Bernton and Kelleher, "Amazon Warehouse Jobs Push Workers to Physical Limit."
55 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
56 "Amazon's Power Play," Editorial Board, New York Times, June 3, 2014.
57 Yglesias, "The Prophet of No Profit."
58 Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future, p. 125.
59 "Yahoo! Still First Portal Call," BBC News, June 5, 1998.
60 Steven Levy, In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), pp. 69β120.
61 Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future, p. 115.
62 Levy, In the Plex, p. 22.
63 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
64 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
65 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 32.
66 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 33.
67 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 73.
68 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 99.
69 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, Ρ. 93.
70 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
71 "Google's Income Statement Information," investor.google.com/financial/tables.html. Π‘ΠΌ. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Seth Rosenblatt, "Google Demolishes Financial Expectations to Close 2013," CNET, January 30, 2014.
72 Danny Sullivan, "Google Still World's Most Popular Search Engine by Far, but Share of Unique Search Dips Slightly," SearchEngineLand, February 11, 2013.
73 Moises Naim, The End of Power: From Boards to Battlegrounds and Churches to States, Why Being in Charge Isn't What It Used to Be (New York: Basic Books, 2013).
74 Viktor Mayer-SchΓΆnberger and Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2013), p. 113.
75 "What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software," O'Reilly.com, September 30, 2005.
76 Astra Taylor, The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014), p. 202.
77 Josh Constine, "The Data Factory β How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap," TechCrunch, September 9, 2013, techcrunch.com/2013/09/09/the-data-factory.
78 Anoushka Sakoul, "Concentrated Cash Pile Puts Recovery in Hands of the Few," Financial Times, January 22, 2014.
79 John Plender, "Apple, Google and Facebook Are Latter-Day Scrooges," Financial Times, December 29, 2013.
80 Π’Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅.
81 Ben Mezrich, The Accidental Billionaires (New York: Heinemann, 2009), pp. 62, 73, 74, 175.
82 Stephen Silberman, "The Geek Syndrome," Wired, September 2001.
83 Rebecca Savastio, "Facebook Founder Zuckerberg's Asperger's Problem," Las Vegas Guardian, September 5, 2013.