ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ: ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ (Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°), Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΆΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ , Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ (ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ).
Π€ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½
Π€ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ (Π€Π‘) β Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. Π€Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ ( Pedata et al., 1985) ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ 100β300 ΠΌΠ³ Π€Π‘ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ( Hyman, 2009).
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-L-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»- L -ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ( Spagnoli et al., 1991). ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ 500β1000 ΠΌΠ³ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊ ( Hyman, 2009). ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.
ΠΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½-Π
ΠΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½-Π β ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ Π°, Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ( Cheng Ren and Xi, 1996; Sun et al., 1999). ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ 200β500 ΠΌΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ.
ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Ρ Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡ
ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ», ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ, Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡ . ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π²Ρ, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅, ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅.
ΠΠ± Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π ΠΈΠΊ Π₯Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ½, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ β Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΠΎΡ-ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Wise Brain Bulletin (Β«ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Β»). ΠΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
Π ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΎΡ-ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π‘ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎ-ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠ½-ΠΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π» ΠΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Mindsight Institute (Β«ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π·ΠΎΡΒ») ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π¨ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΠΠΎΡ-ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ Β«Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», Β«ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Β» ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ , Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ-ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ β ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π΄, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ-ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΡΠ΄Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅, ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Β«Π’ΡΠΎΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Β» .
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