Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π½Π° Bookidrom.ru! БСсплатныС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅

Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ «Английский язык. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ курс для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ бизнСс-Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Β». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 68

Автор Нина ΠŸΡƒΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°

19. unleveraged a – Π±Π΅Π· использования Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдств

20. terminal value – конСчная (Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ) Ρ†Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ

21. beta – коэффициСнт Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π° (ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСустойчивости Ρ†Π΅Π½ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ)


Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

1. Why did Renaissance Capital raise their target price for Aeroflot? 2. Was Aeroflot’s 2003 operating performance affected by the negative global air transportation environment? 3. How will its fleet upgrade affect Aeroflot’s market position? 4. What is the upside potential of Aeroflot, according to Renaissance Capital? 5. What are the key price drivers of Aeroflot? 6. What are the justified discounts for Aeroflot shares? 7. What are the GEM peers that are used for comparison with Aeroflot? 8. What methods did Renaissance Capital use to determine Aeroflot’s target price? 9. What methodology did it use for WACC calculation?


Exercise 2*. Find terms in the text that match definitions given below and make sentences of your own with each term.

1. a nine-digit identifier for securities traded in the United States

2. a method of estimating the value of an asset by taking the cash flows associated with the asset and discounting them for time and risk

3. measurement of the firm’s performance before the effects of financing or taxes

4. a contractual arrangement whereby the firm has the right to use the asset in return for making periodic payments to the owner of the asset

5. the flows of cash arising from the operation of the firm, normally defined as profit after taxes plus non-cash charges such as depreciation

6. the nominal or face value of the share of stock

7. the excess of revenues over expenses during a given time period

8. the difference between the required rate of return on a particular risky asset and the rate of return on a riskless asset with the same expected life

9. an estimate of the value of the cash flows of an investment project generated beyond the final point of the analysis and treated as a cash inflow in the final year of the analysis

10. shares of stock in a company that uses no debt


Exercise 3. Explain the meaning of the words Β«exposureΒ», Β«exposedΒ» in the following context and make sentences of your own using these words.

Aeroflot, Russia’s leading airline, offers attractively valued exposure to strong GDP growth in Russia and increasing disposable incomes.

Nowadays, many economies are increasingly exposed to the rigors of international competition.


Exercise 4*. Fill in the blanks using terms given below.


Company Upgrade. Aeroflot: Better Value All Round

The Aeroflot share price has reached our previous…… of USD1.0. We…….. the price for Russia’s largest airline by 15%, to USD1.15, and reiterate our Buy……..

The upgrade is based on strong 1Q04…….. results that significantly exceeded our expectations. We see three main reasons for this strong……..: (1) continuous growth of GDP and real…….. income per……. in Russia; (2) a strong ruble, which boosted overall…….; and (3) better services, aircraft (through fleet restructuring) and flight…….

We…… our 2004E passenger……. forecast for Aeroflot by 2.4%, and our revenue forecast by 4.3%.

We also revise our future cost…….. upwards, though to a lesser extent than our revenue forecast. Hence, our 2004E EBITDA forecast has increased by 9.4%, and net income by 15.4%, and we expect 2004 earnings to improve by about 33%…….. to USD136 million.

We have increased the…….. rate used in our model following the recent increase in the Russian…….. rate from below 6% to 6.5%. Our new Aeroflot…….. is 16%, compared with 14.3% previously.

Aeroflot has the lowest……. in 2003E and going forward among emerging market (EM) and developed market (DM) airlines. While many large European airlines……. losses in 2003, Aeroflot’s expected 2003 profit is above USD100 million.

The stock presently……. at a 44% discount on 2004E P/E and a 40% discount on EV/EBITDA relative to EM……., despite an 11.7% increase in Aeroflot’s share price since February. Aeroflot’s discounts to DM airlines on 2004E…… are 67% on P/E and 20% on EV/EBITDA.

Source: N. Zagvozdina, V. Tskhovrebov, Renaissance Capital, May 2004, www.aeroflot.ru


Terms:

WACC, consumption, trades, multiples, P/E, target, posted, upgrade, risk-free, disposable, schedules, turnover, year-on-year, recommendation, peers, operating, performance, capita, raise, projections, discount


Exercise 5. Translate into English.


Аэрофлот

ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… макроэкономичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²

ΠœΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ наши ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° 2004β€”2005 Π³Π³.

Π’ свСтС Π½Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… макроэкономичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ², Π² частности ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дальнСйшСго укрСплСния рубля Π² номинальном ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ замСдлСния инфляции, ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ наши ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Аэрофлота Π½Π° 2004β€”2005 Π³Π³. ΠœΡ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡƒΡŽ ставку дисконтирования с 8,4% Π΄ΠΎ 7,8%, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ сниТСниС доходности сувСрСнных Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ.

ΠœΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Аэфролота Π΄ΠΎ $0,85 ΠΈ оставляСм Π² силС Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ Β«Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ».

ΠœΡ‹ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, основанный Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ коэффициСнтС, Π² качСствС основной ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Аэрофлота. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ коэффициСнта (обусловлСнного ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… коэффициСнтов Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Аэрофлота), ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Аэрофлота с $0,60 Π΄ΠΎ $0,85. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ акциям ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ составляСт 3,5%, ΠΌΡ‹ оставляСм Π² силС Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ Β«Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ».

ВысокиС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ риски ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ дисконты.

Аэрофлот торгуСтся с EV/EBITDA ΠΈ P/E Π½Π° 2004 Π³., Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ 4,5 ΠΈ 6,2 соотвСтствСнно, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ с дисконтами Π² 26% ΠΈ 47% ΠΊ своим Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ…. ΠœΡ‹ считаСм Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ дисконты ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, принимая Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ высокий риск, связанный с ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Аэрофлота. Π’ частности, нас бСспокоит Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ сокращСниС/ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ роялти, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² 2004 Π³., ΠΏΠΎ нашим ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ $259 ΠΌΠ»Π½. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΡ‹ считаСм, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π² совСтС Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Аэрофлота прСдставитСлСй НРБ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ «Ильюшин Ѐинанс Ко» ΠΈ Π’ΠΠ‘Πž (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ самолСта Ил-96), ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ привСсти ΠΊ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π·Π°ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… судов российского производства, ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ эффСктивными, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ суда.

Π‘Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠΌ роста ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ агрСссивноС сокращСниС расходов.

ΠœΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ росту Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Аэрофлота ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ привСсти Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ быстроС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ оТидалось, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ расходов. ΠœΡ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ считаСм, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΎΠ± отсрочкС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ роялти ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ стимулом.


НовыС финансовыС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹

ΠœΡ‹ пСрСсматриваСм Π½Π°ΡˆΡƒ Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ модСль для Аэрофлота, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² основном обусловлСно нашими Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ макроэкономичСскими ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ рубля практичСски Π½Π΅ способствуСт ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Ρ€Π°Ρ… компания ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ 54% ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ нСсСт ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 58% расходов. Богласно нашСй ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² срСднСгодового ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ курса, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 28 Ρ€ΡƒΠ±./$ Π² 2004 Π³. ΠΈ 27,5 Ρ€ΡƒΠ±./$ Π² 2005 Π³., Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ° Аэрофлота увСличиваСтся Π½Π° 2% Π² 2004 Π³. ΠΈ 3% Π² 2005 Π³. ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ влияниС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокой Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ частично ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ростом расходов Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ 20% ΠΎΡ‚ суммарных Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ (наша глобальная Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° нСфтяного сСктора повысила ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ срСднСй Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ Brent Π΄ΠΎ $24,5/Π±Π°Ρ€Ρ€. Π½Π° 2004 Π³. ΠΈ $21,5/Π±Π°Ρ€Ρ€. Π½Π° 2005 Π³.). Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ пСрСчислСнных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ наш ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Аэрофлота возрастаСт с $133 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Π΄ΠΎ $139 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Π² 2004 Π³. ΠΈ ΡΠΎ $115 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Π΄ΠΎ $127 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Π² 2005 Π³.

Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Аэрофлота ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, основанный Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ коэффициСнтС. Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΡ‹ использовали коэффициСнт EV/EBITDA Π½Π° 2005 Π³., Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ 4,0. Однако Π·Π° послСдниС мСсяцы Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Аэрофлота сильно выросли Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Π΅, ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ срСдний ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ для ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² (GEM) увСличился с 5,5 Π΄ΠΎ 6,1. Π₯отя ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ считаСм, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Аэрофлот Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ с дисконтом ΠΊ своим Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° GEM ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ликвидности ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рисков, ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊ использованию коэффициСнта, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 4,5, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ соотвСтствуСт измСнСнию Π² ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… коэффициСнтах ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ GEM. Для расчСта ставки дисконтирования ΠΌΡ‹ Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π°, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΡƒΡŽ 7,8%.

Π‘Ρ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° прСдставляСт собой сумму доходности Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ с погашСниСм Π² 2005 Π³., Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ 2,84%, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° риск, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ 5%. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 12 мСсяцСв Π² Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ $0,85, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ нашСй ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‹, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ $0,60, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ 3,5%. Как слСдствиС, ΠΌΡ‹ сохраняСм Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ Β«Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ» для Аэрофлота.

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ: Brunswick UBS, Π”ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π’ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²,

CFA, 22 января 2004 Π³., www.aeroflot.ru

Lesson 35

Successful Investment Strategy: Theory and Practice

Read and translate the texts and learn terms from the Essential Vocabulary.

Modern Portfolio Theory: An Overview

If you were to craft the perfect investment, you would want high returns coupled with little risk. The reality, of course, is that this kind of investment is next to impossible to find. Not surprisingly, people spend a lot of time developing methods and strategies that come close to the Β«perfect investmentΒ». But none is as popular, or as compelling, as modern portfolio theory (MPT).

The Theory


MPT was developed by Harry Markowitz and published in the 1952 Journal of Finance. MPT says that it is not enough to look at the expected risk and return of one particular stock. By investing in more than one stock, an investor can reap the benefits of diversification – chief among them, a reduction in the riskiness of the portfolio.

For most investors, the risk they take when they buy a stock is that the return will be lower than expected. In other words, it is the deviation from the average return. Each stock has its own standard deviation from the mean, which MPT calls Β«riskΒ».



The risk in a portfolio of diverse individual stocks will be less than the risk inherent in holding any single one of the individual stocks (provided the risks of the various stocks are not directly related). Consider a portfolio that holds two risky stocks: one that pays off when it rains and another that pays off when it doesn’t rain. A portfolio that contains both assets will always pay off, regardless of whether it rains or shines. Adding one risky asset to another can reduce the overall risk of an all-weather portfolio.

Markowitz showed that investment is not just about picking stocks, but about picking winners, i.e. choosing the right combination of stocks among which to distribute one’s nest eggs.