Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π½Π° Bookidrom.ru! БСсплатныС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅

Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ «Английский язык. ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ курс для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ бизнСс-Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Β». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 50

Автор Нина ΠŸΡƒΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°

Exercise 2. Explain the meaning of the following terms: Β«labor intensiveΒ», Β«energy intensiveΒ», Β«capital intensiveΒ», Β«knowledge intensiveΒ» and Β«natural resource intensiveΒ». Make sentences of your own with each term.


Exercise 3*. Find terms in the text that match definitions given below and make sentences of your own with each term.

1. efficiencies associated with increasing or decreasing the scale of production

2. efficiencies associated with increasing or decreasing the scope of marketing and distribution

3. a company that manages production establishments located in different countries to produce same or similar products

4. the return of a portion of a commission or payment in accordance with a secret agreement

5. formal permission or authorization to do or forbear some act; a certificate of such permission

6. a corporation that manages production establishments located in at least two countries

7. of international commodity agreements, quantities of the commodity under consideration that contracting countries undertake to import, or quantities that exporting contracting countries undertake not to exceed

8. rigid or excessive routines and procedures causing delay or inaction, as in a bureaucracy

9. a company that manages production establishment in certain country/countries to produce products that serve as input to its production establishments in other country/ countries


Exercise 4. Describe pros and cons of MNCs’ activities in Russian economy using the words funding, investments, technology transfer, know-how, best practices, national sovereignty, relocation, corporate governance, labor costs, competitiveness, employment, wages and salaries, local content, education, fiscal discipline, corruption, environment protection, labor intensive, polluting enterprises, living standards, natural resources, transfer pricing, lobbying, multiplier effect, etc.


Exercise 5*. Fill in the blanks using terms given below.


Multinationals Say Russia Needs a Makeover

Russia needs to take better care of its image abroad if it wants to compete for foreign investment with other……… like China and India, senior executives from leading……. said Monday.

The government should figure out how to bring its often negative image into line with the more positive reality of…….. in Russia, said a number of members of the Foreign Investment Advisory Committee.

FIAC is a forum that for the past decade has been bringing together…….. with the leaders of 25 large, long-standing investors, including BP, Nestle, ExxonMobil and Deutsche Bank.

Β«Other regions of the world, China especially, have become favored destinations for investment,Β» said Jim Turley, chairman of Ernst & Young Global, who…….FIAC with Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov.

Last year, Russia received a mere $6.8 billion in………, compared to China’s $53.5 billion, according to Renaissance Capital.

FIAC also made some more expected recommendations, calling on the government to continue………., bring stability to the……… and improve tax and accounting practices.

Participants singled out the need for Russia to clamp down on excessive……. if it wants to compete for investment.

But for the first time in its 10-year history, FIAC created a special……. dedicated to…… Russia’s image.

Β«Russia needs to put forward its own…… better,Β» said Ralph Kugler, president of Unilever.

Countries like China and India Β«might have lower…….,Β» Kugler said. Β«Russia, on the other hand, might have a higher standard of……..Β»

Β«There was a general…….. between the foreign investors and the government about the fact that the perception of Russia didn’t align with the reality of the…….. in Russia – and that that perception needed to be moved,Β» said Grant Winterton, Coca-Cola’s general manager for Russia.

The final communique also recommended that the government complete a plan to spread…….. among foreign investors that political and economic risk is dropping.

Not all the…… gathered in the President Hotel agreed that a government-run…… offensive is what Russia needs, however.

Β«So many…… are missed because of the wrong perception from abroad,Β» said Michel Perhirin, chairman of the board at Raiffeisenbank. But, he added, Β«I don’t believe a media…… could be extremely effective.Β»

A few FIAC members suggested that the country’s image is not the key to…… investment.

John Barry, president of Shell in Russia said Shell is pushing government regulators to implement….. reforms that will help facilitate…… oil drilling farther afield from cheaper, more accessible……..

Other participants said that the government has indeed been improving its dialogue with the foreign business……

Β«Particularly these last few years, under President (Vladimir) Putin, we’ve had superior…… from government at (FIAC) meetings,Β» said senior vice president of United Technologies Corp., Ruth Harkin.

Established in 1994 as a….. for foreign investors and government officials to share investment concerns, FIAC has had a big…… in pushing a number of reforms.

Recently, FIAC members helped the government rework the….. Code and corporate taxation.

FIAC meets annually to discuss pending…… and its effect on foreign investment.

Source: Moscow Times, September 28, 2004 (abridged)


Terms:

FDI, opportunities, representation, media, Customs, legislation, developing countries, red tape, awareness, community, consensus, education, multinationals, impact, doing business, venue, government officials, co-chairs, tax, administrative reform, banking system, locations, boosting, strengths, labor costs, investment climate, executives, campaign, attracting, capital intensive, working group


Exercise 6. Translate into English.


ЦСнности ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°: ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ бизнСса

Дискуссия ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ мСстного ΠΈ иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π² российской экономикС Π² послСднСС врСмя ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π»Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π²ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… власти, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡƒΡŽ бизнСс-элиту Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ понятно. Но ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ часто ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ иностранцы привносят Π² Ρ€ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ высокиС стандарты качСства ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ отвСтствСнности, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ достойных Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ сотрудникам ΠΈ соблюдСниС ТСстких экологичСских стандартов. Π›ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ процСсса привлСчСния иностранных инвСстиций Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ скороС вступлСниС России Π² Π’Π’Πž, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΎ концСссиях. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ГСрмания практичСски Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ для Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… инвСстиций, Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² финансовый сСктор.

ОсобСнно ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ иностранных ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² отрасли импортозамСщСния. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² дСпрСссивных Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…, способноС частично Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π±Π΅Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΈ пополнСния мСстных Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Или Π² сфСру услуг: нСльзя Π·Π°Π±Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ своим Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ энСргичным Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ, МВБ ΠΈ Β«Π’Ρ‹ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠšΠΎΠΌΒ» Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ обязаны Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌ, соотвСтствСнно Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ†ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ DT ΠΈ норвСТскому Telenor.

Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π΅ с ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ отраслями: сотрудничСство с Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ бизнСса ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ российским компаниям Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ риски Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², Π° Π² рядС случаСв ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ доступ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ сбыта. И всС-Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π² ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ сСкторС Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½. Но ΠΎΠ½ станСт ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ссли отСчСствСнная бизнСс-элита Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ отвСтствСннСй, Ссли государство уТСсточит Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² части ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ общСством, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² части соблюдСния Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соглашСний. Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΈ рСализация долгосрочной, Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ краткосрочной стратСгии развития. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² странС с Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ экономичСскими цСнностями, НорвСгии, нСфтСгазовая ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠ»ΡŒ Π² основном контролируСтся Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ компаниями – Statoil ΠΈ Norsk Hydro, Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Π΄Ρ‹ Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚Π΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ бизнСса ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго тСхничСских. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом инструмСнтарий Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… пиявок, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ агрСссивно Π½Π°Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ стандарты ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния ΠΈ рост ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹, Π·Π°ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π΄ своСй ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‰ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сСбя Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ глобальной экономики.

НавСрноС, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Π² отраслях ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… компаниях, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ рСсурсы для ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π΅. Π Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‚ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ ОбъСдинСнной Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π₯отя ΠΈ Π² этом случаС ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρƒ иностранного стратСгичСского ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ EADS, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ тСхнологичСскоС сотрудничСство.

ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ присутствиС иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π² российской экономикС ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго для самих иностранных инвСсторов. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ лишь, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ принятыС Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ позволяли Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ толкования ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ эффСкта появлСния Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ для Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ иностранныС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ – BP ΠΈ ConocoPhillips – ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… российских нСфтяных ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ любой ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ Π² этом вопросС Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ воспринят Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, сколь ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚ΡŒ инвСсторов. Но скорСС всСго, Π΄ΠΎ этого Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚, ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ограничСния для иностранцСв ΠΏΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π² освоСнии мСстороТдСний, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… стратСгичСский Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния обСспСчСния Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ бСзопасности. Волько взвСшСнноС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этого вопроса ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ провСсти ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ IPO госпакСтов Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ нашСй экономики, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС «РоснСфти», Π’Π½Π΅ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°, Β«ΠšΠ°ΠΌΠΠ—Π°Β» ΠΈ Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пароходства.

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊ: Π‘. Π‘ΡƒΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°

Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡŠΡŽΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π“Π°Π·ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°. ВСдомости, 26.09.05

Lesson 26

Foreign Trade

Read and translate the text and learn terms from the Essential Vocabulary.

The Basics of Foreign Trade

Free Trade Vs. Protectionism

All governments regulate foreign trade. The extent to which they do so is a matter of great controversy and debate. Although the amount of government involvement in trade varies from country to country and product to product, overall barriers to trade have been lowered since World War II.

Arguments for Protection

– Cheap labor: Less developed countries have a natural cost advantage as labor costs in those economies are low. They can produce goods less expensively than developed economies and their goods are more competitive in international markets.

– Infant industries: Protectionists argue that infant industries must be protected to give them time to grow and become strong enough to compete internationally, especially industries that may be a foundation for future growth, e.g. computers and telecommunications.

– National security concerns: Any industry crucial to national security, such as producers of military hardware, should be protected.

– Diversification of the economy: If a country channels all its resources into a few industries, no matter how internationally competitive those industries are, it runs the risk of becoming too dependent on them. Keeping weaker industries competitive through protection may help in diversifying the nation’s economy.