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Эрик Эриксон — пожалуй, самый читаемый и влиятельный теоретик постфрейдизма. Его книги расходятся тиражами в сотни тысяч экземпляров. Фотографии Эриксона появлялись на обложках таких журналов, как «Ньюсуик» и «Нью-Йорк таймc мэгезин». Книга о Махатме Ганди (1969) получила Пулитцеровскую премию и была удостоена Национальной книжной премии США.

Эрик Эриксон расширил понимание психоанализа, изучив методы воспитания детей в разных культурах, создавая психологические биографии выдающихся мужчин и женщин и анализируя взаимодействие психологического и социального развития. Теория Эриксона о периодах развития эго серьезно повлияла на психологию и смежные области научного знания. Он является и основателем современной психоистории.

Работы Эриксона прочно базируются на психоаналитической теории: никто еще со времен Фрейда не сделал столько для разработки и применения принципов психоанализа в новых областях и для решения проблем современности. Постепенно Эриксон развил собственную оригинальную теорию, которая хотя и основывалась на психоаналитическом понимании, но существенно отличалась по охвату, концепции и расстановке акцентов. Его называли «недогматичным, эмансипированным фрейдистом». Эриксоновские понятия личности и кризиса личности стали обиходными и оказали определяющее влияние на все социальные науки.

Эриксон — блестящий, проницательный теоретик и прекрасный писатель. В основе его работ лежит теория циклов человеческой жизни, модель, которая интегрирует рост и развитие человека от рождения до преклонного возраста. Основной вклад Эриксона в изучение личности заключается в том, что, наряду с фрейдовскими стадиями психосексуального развития, он, во-первых, показал, как человек одновременно проходит стадии психосоциального развития и стадии развития эго, и, во-вторых, доказал, что развитие личности продолжается всю жизнь и что каждая стадия развития может иметь как положительный, так и отрицательный результат.

История происхождения Эрика Эриксона (Erik Erikson) довольно темна. Он родился 15 июня 1902 года. Его мать, датская еврейка, уже будучи беременной, уехала из Дании в Германию и там вышла замуж за немецкого еврея — доктора Хомбургера. Несмотря на датские корни, Эриксон считал себя немцем. Однако немецкие сверстники отвергали его за то, что он был евреем, а еврейские приятели называли гоем (не евреем) из-за белокурых волос и арийской внешности.