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Долгие годы Б. Ф. Скиннер был самым известным в США психологом, но влияние его работ выходит далеко за пределы профессиональной психологии. Неприятие и недоверие, которое Скиннер испытывал ко всему ментальному, субъективному, т. е. ко всему тому, что он называл «надуманными объяснениями», заставило его сосредоточить внимание на внешних формах поведения и попытаться сформулировать методы наблюдения, измерения, предсказания и понимания поведения людей и животных.

«По результатам опроса преподавателей университетов США, Скиннер подавляющим большинством голосов был назван самой выдающейся фигурой в современной психологии» (New-York Times Magazine, 1984).

Пожалуй, никто из ученых со времен Фрейда не испытывал такой жесткой критики и не был настолько почитаем в одно и то же время. Ничьи работы не цитировались так часто, и никого так часто не искажали. При этом сам Скиннер получал лишь удовольствие от дебатов с оппонентами (Catania & Harnad, 1988; Skinner, 1972 d, 1977 b; Wann, 1964). Его громадное личное обаяние и готовность обсуждать любое из своих предположений, подкрепленные абсолютной, непоколебимой верой в фундаментальность своих выводов, способствовали тому, что Скиннер стал центральной фигурой в современной психологии.

Фрейд писал про своих критиков, что эмоциональностью нападок они невольно доказали верность основных постулатов той самой психоаналитической теории, против которой столь яростно выступали. Точно так же для Скиннера действия его противников были лишь доказательством ненаучности и ошибочности мышления, которое он пытался исправить. Оба ученых, несмотря на жесткую критику их теорий, признаны личностями, внесшими огромный вклад в развитие и защиту альтернативных точек зрения на человеческую природу.

Бэррес Фредерик Скиннер родился в 1904 году в маленьком городке Саскеханне на северо-востоке штата Пенсильвания, где его отец имел юридическую практику. С самого детства в ребенке культивировалось послушание, сдержанность, аккуратность и умение вести себя «правильно». Скиннер писал, что его дом «излучал теплоту и надежность. Я жил в нем с самого рождения и вплоть до поступления в колледж» (1976, р. 387). Детское увлечение в области механики предвосхитило будущий интерес Скиннера к моделированию внешнего поведения.