Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π½Π° Bookidrom.ru! БСсплатныС ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅

Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Β«Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…. Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ политичСской ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈΒ». Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Π° 85

Автор Π ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½ ΠšΠΎΡ€ΠΈ

Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ «страху ΠΏΠΎ-амСрикански», ΠΌΡ‹ обязаны Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊ эгалитаризму ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ Ролса ΠΈ Π”Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°, Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ амСриканского Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. БСйчас я Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹, вСдь Ρ‚Π΅, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ политичСски краснорСчивыС, ΠΏΡƒΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ всСгда ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Ρ€Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² ΠΈΡ… обоснованиС. Π― ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этими ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ вызываСтся ΠΈΡ… Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ нСдостатками β€” Π² мСньшСй стСпСни, Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΈ слСпой Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ слоТных Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ общСствСнного пСрСустройства, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚ всСх нас Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… усилий. Π¨Π°ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ эпохи Ρ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ соврСмСнный Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ β€” Π²ΠΎΡ‚ условия, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… государство ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ лишь Π·Π° минимальноС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ бСспорядка, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ благосостояния людСй, смСняСт Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΠΊ. Π“ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‰Π΅ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² страх ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² свободу ΠΈ равСнство. Но Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»Ρ‹ свободы ΠΈ равСнства Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ нас Π½Π° противодСйствиС политичСскому страху, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»Ρ‹ свободы ΠΈ равСнства ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ нашСй Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² этой Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… β€” это прСпятствиС, Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ для ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π° со «страхом ΠΏΠΎ-амСрикански» Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ внСполитичСской, чисто чСловСчСской Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ проявлСниям страха. Π”Π°, страх, испытываСмый слуТащими Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… мСстах Π² АмСрикС, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ уТасом Боснии ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π ΡƒΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ‹. Но Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² «страха ΠΏΠΎ-амСрикански» Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ для Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ Π² ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»Ρ‹ свободы ΠΈ равСнства, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ страх являСтся Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ источником извращСния этих ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². Он ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Ρ†Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΈ всС большС распространяСтся Π² ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅.

ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ

Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅*

(1) Π‘Ρ‹Ρ‚. 1:3.

(2) David Brooks, The Age of Conflict // The Weekly Standard (November 5, 2001); Don DeLillo, In the Ruins of the Future // Harper`s (December 2001), p. 33; Frank Rich, The Day Before Tuesday // New York Times (September 15, 2001), p. A23; David Brooks, Facing Up to Our Fears // Newsweek (October 22, 2001); George Packer, Recapturing the Flag // New York Times Magazine (September 30, 2001), pp. 15–16.

(3) The Π‘omplete Essays of Montaigne / trans. Donald M. Frame (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1943), p. 53; Henry Sidgwick / The Elements of Politics (London: Macmillan, 1891), p. 41; Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno // Dialectic of Enlightenment / trans. John Cumming (New York: Continuum, 1986), p. 3; Franz Neumann, Anxiety and Politics, Π² ΠΈΠ·Π΄.: The Democratic and Authoritarian State: Essays in Political and Legal Theory / ed. Herbert Marcuse (New York: Free Press, 1957); Judith N. Shklar, The Liberalism of Fear, Π² ΠΈΠ·Π΄.: Liberalism and the Moral Life / ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989), p. 29; Franklin D. Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, Π² ΠΈΠ·Π΄.: Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1961), p. 235; Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom From Fear (New York: Penguin, 1991), pp. 180-85; Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom (New York: Norton, 1998), pp. 221-27.

(4) John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding / ed. Alexander Campbell Fraser (New York: Dover, 1959), 2.20, 6.10; 2.21.34, pp. 304-5, 334; Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful / ed. Adam Phillips (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 32, 36, 123, 135-36.

(5) Abraham Lincoln, Address to the Young Men’s Lyceum, Π² ΠΈΠ·Π΄.: The Portable Lincoln / ed. Andrew Delbanco (New York: Penguin, 1992), pp. 17–26.

(6) Thomas L. Friedman, 9/11 Lesson plan // New York Times (September 4, 2002), p. A21.

(7) Serge Schumann, What Would β€˜Victory’ Mean? // New York Times (September 16, 2001), Week in Review, p. 1; Thomas L. Friedman, Smoking or non-Smoking? // New York Times (September 14, 2001). p. A27; Barbara Crossette, Feverish Protests Against the West Trace Grievances Ancient and Modern // New York Times (October 22, 2001), p. B4; Lamin Sanneh, Faith and the Secular State // New York Times (September 23, 2001). Section 4, p. 17; Ethan Bronner, 21st-Century Jihad // New York Times (November 18. 2001), Book Review, p. 15; Ronald Steel. The Weak at War with the Strong // New York Times (September 14, 2001), p. A27: John Burns, America Inspires Longing and Loathing in Muslim World // New York Times (September 16, 2001). p. A4. Fouad Ajami, Out of Egypt // New York Times Magazine (October 7, 2001), p. 19; Edward Rothstein, Explaining the Flaws in the Notion of the β€˜Root Causes’ of Terror // New York Times (November 17, 2001), p. A17; Elaine Scrolino, Who Hates the U. S.? Who Loves It? // New York Times (September 23, 2001). Week in Review, p. 1.

(8) Neil Farquhar. A Portrait of the Terrorist: From Shy Child to Single-Minded Killer // New York Times (October 10, 2001), p. B9.

(9) Corey Robin. Close-Case Studies // New York Times Magazine (December 16, 2001), pp. 23–24. Π‘ΠΌ. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Bruce Fudge, The Two Faces of Islamic Studies // Boston Globe (December 15, 2002), p. C4.

(10) Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1115a6–1115b / trans. Martin Ostwald (New York: Macmillan, 1962), pp. 68–70.

(11) Augustine, City of God / trans. John O'Meara (New York: Penguin, 1972). 14.6, 9, pp. 555, 561, 565.

(12) Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€. 3:22; 6:2, 13–15, 24; 7:18–21; 10:17, 20.

(13) Plato, The Republic 386a-88a / trans. Allan Bloom (New York: Basic, 1968), pp. 63–65.

(14) Π•ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ соврСмСнной философии ΠΈ социологии ΠœΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° Нуссбаум, Π ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΄ Π΄Π΅ Π‘ΠΎΡƒΠ·Π°, ΠœΡΡ€ΠΈ Дуглас, Π‘Π°Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈ ГласснСр ΠΈ Кэсс Π‘Π°Π½ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΉΠ½ прСдставили ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΡƒ мСня Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΉ свой Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· страха, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ явно ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ нСявно исходит ΠΈΠ· упомянутой здСсь ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΌ.: Martha Nussbaum, The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 83–89, 91–94. 103-4, 192–328, 261-62; Ronald de Sousa. The Rationality of Emotion (Cambridge: mit Press, 1987); Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (New York: Routledge, 1966); Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky, Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers (Berkeley: University of California Press. 1982); Barry Glassner, The Culture of Fear: Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things (New York: Basic, 1999); Cass R. Sunstein, Risk and Reason: Safety, Law, and the Environment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

(15) Raymond Aron, Main Currents, in Sociological Thought I: Montesquieu, Comte, Marx, Tocqueville, the Sociologists of the Revolution of 1848 / trans. Richard Howard and Helen Weaver (Garden City, N. Y: Doubleday, 1968), pp. 20–21.

(16) Judith N. Shklar, Montesquieu (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 84.

(17) Michael Sandel, Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 3–4; Jean Bethke Elshtain), Democracy on Trial (New York; Basic, 1995) p. 37.

(18) Π¦ΠΈΡ‚. Π²: Jean-Claude Lamberti, Tocqueville and the Two Democracies / trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1989). p. 229; Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America / trans. George Lawrence / ed. J. P. Mayer (New York: Harper and Row, 1969). p. 702.

(19) Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1951. 1973). p. 442.

(20) Shklar, The Liberalism of Fear. p. 29.

(21) Michael Ignatieff, The Warrior’s Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience (New York: Henry Holt. 1997). pp. 18–19. Π‘ΠΌ. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Judith Shklar. Ordinary Vices (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1984). Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony and Solidarity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 192-98; Anthony Giddens, Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994), p. 20; Ira Katznelson, Liberalism's Crooked Circle: Letters to Adam Michnik (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996); Avishai Margalit, The Decent Society / trans. Naomi Goldman (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1996): John Gray Two Faces of Liberalism (New York: New Press, 2000); Jacob Levy, The Multiculturalism of Fear (New York: Oxford University Press. 2000).

(22) Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1989).

(23) Irving Howe. The Self in Literature Π² ΠΈΠ·Π΄.: A Critic’s Notebook / ed. Nicholas Howe (San Diego: Harcourt Brace, 1994), p. 264.

(24) Hobbes. Leviathan / ed. Richard Tuck (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 9.

(25) Locke, 2.21.34, p. 334: Burke, pp. 30, 122.

(26) Sheldon S. Wolin, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought (Boston: Little Brown, 1960), p. 243.

(27) Tocqueville, p. 444.

(28) Tocqueville, p. 702.

(29) Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents, p. 235: Frank Freidel. Franklin D. Roosevelt, A Rendezvous with Destiny (Boston: Little Brown, 1990), pp. 360-61; James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt 1882–1940: The Lion and the Fox (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1956, 1985), p. 162.

(30) Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom (New York: Da- Capo Press, 1949, 1988), pp. 1–7, 51–53. 244.

(31) Shklar, The Liberalism of Fear, pp. 21, 30.

(32) Π‘ΠΌ: The Radical Right / ed. Daniel Bell (Garden City. N.Y: Anchor Books); 1965 Richard Hofstadter, The Paranoid Style of American Politics and Other Essays (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965).

(33) Leslie Fiedler. McCarthy, Encounter 3 (July 1954): 13.

(34) ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ соотвСтствСнно ΠΈΠ·: Ralph S. Brown Jr., Loyalty and Security: Employment Tests in the United States (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958), p. 181; Griffi n Fariello, Red Scare: Memories of the American Inquisition (New York: Avon, 1996). p. 43.

(35) LexisNexis search. Π‘ΠΌ. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Bob Woodward and Dan Eggen, FBI and CIA Suspect Domestic Extremists // Washington Post (October 27, 2001), p. A1; William J. Broad, Terror Anthrax Resembles Type Made by U. S. // New York Times (December 3, 2001), p. A1; William J. Broad and David Johnston, U. S. Inquiry Tried, but Failed, to Link Iraq to Anthrax Attack // New York Times (December 22, 2001), p. A1; Eric Lipton and Kirk Johnson, Tracking Bioterror’s Tangled Course // New York Times (December 26, 2001), p. A1; Nicholas D. Kristof, Anthrax? The F B. I Yawns // New York Times (July 2, 2002), p. A21; Iver Peterson, Anthrax Cleanup to Close Mail Center a Year More // New York Times (April 11, 2003), p. D1.

(36) LexisNexis search. Π‘ΠΌ. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Eric Lichtblau and Judith Miller, Indictment Ties U. S. Professor to Terror Group // New York Times (February 21, 2003), p. A1.

(37) LexisNexis search. Π‘ΠΌ. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: Rex Hutting, US Companies Quietly Caught Trading With the Enemy // CBS MarketWatch (April 15, 2003).

(38) Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham City Jail, Π² ΠΈΠ·Π΄.: A Testament of Hope The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. / ed. James M. Washington (New York Harper Collins, 1986), pp. 292-93. Π‘ΠΌ. Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅: James Baldwin, In Search of a Majority, Π² ΠΈΠ·Π΄.: Nobody Knows My Name (New York: Vintage, 1960), pp. 127-37.

(39) Π’ своих ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΡƒΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ… Турналист ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π» БСрнстайн, извСстный ΠΏΠΎ Π£ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρƒ вспоминаСт ΠΎ страхС, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ-коммунистов, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π»Π° казнь Π ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π±Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ². «Для Ρ€Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° связь казалась Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ: Ссли [Π ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π±Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈ] ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ казнь ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π΅Π³ΠΎ собствСнных Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π² особСнности Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ? Π ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π±Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈ ТСнились 18 июня 1939 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΆΠ΅ дСнь, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ с ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†ΠΎΠΌΒ». НС ΡƒΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·Π½ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ политичСскоС посланиС ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈ: Β«Π ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π±Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ слишком прогрСссивными— ΠΈ Π·Π° это Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ; Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° элСктричСском стулС». Carl Bernstein, Loyalties (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), p. 101.