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ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
1 Π ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡ β Π±ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠ΅Ρ.
2 Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»Ρ (fibulae).
3 Π’ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ: ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊ (Ρ ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ° Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ). ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π. Π₯ΠΈΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°: Cameron Av. The Later Roman Empire A.D. 284β430. Cambridge, 1993; Demandt A. Die SpΓ€tantike. RΓΆmische Geschichte von Diocletian bis Justinian 284β565 n. Chr. MΓΌnchen, 1989. β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠ΅Ρ.
4 Π‘ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³Π»Π°Π², ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ IV ΠΈ V Π²Π²., Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΒ» (ΠΎΠ±Π° Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π² 1910-Ρ Π³Π³. Π Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ, XII, ΡΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΒ» Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ Π² 1939 Π³. Π Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡ Π΅ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 1960-Ρ Π³Π³. β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠ΅Ρ.
5 Π£ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊ, Ρ Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Β». ΠΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ , ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΈ Ρ Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π» ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ.
6 ΠΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ β Β«ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΒ» (Π»Π°Ρ.), Ρ. Π΅. ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°. β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠ΅Ρ.
7 Caes. De bello Gallico. IV. 37 (Ρ Π₯ΠΈΠ·Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ III. 37). β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠ΅Ρ.
8 Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»Π΅ Π‘Π΅Π½-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌ.: Caes. De bello Gallico. III. 1β6; ΠΎΠ± ΠΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ β VII. 75 ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅, Π£ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½Π΅ β VIII. 33 ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅. Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌ. CAH. 2nd ed. Vol. X. Ch. 11; vol. XI. Ch. 9.
9 ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅-ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ. Π’Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΡΠ½Π°Ρ β Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏ Π’Π°ΡΠ½-ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΊΠ°Ρ β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅. Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ II Π². Π½. Ρ. ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ» Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (101β102, 105β106 Π³Π³.), Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠ²ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊ. 275 Π³. ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Β«ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΒ» (CAH. 2nd ed. Vol. VII. 2, Chs 8β10).
10 ΠΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ» ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·Π½Π΅, ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ VI Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ·ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ Π’Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ·Π΅Π½ (ΡΠΌ.: ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ·Π΅Π½ Π’. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΈΠΌΠ°. T. V. Π‘ΠΠ±., 1995. Π‘. 128). β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠ΅Ρ.
11 ΠΠ± ΠΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΌ.: Caes. De bello Gallico. VI. 44; ΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° β VII. 27β28.
12 ΠΠ± ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌ.: Caes. De bello Gallico. V. 58. 4β6; ΠΎΠ± ΠΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ β VIII. 25. I.
13 Π Π ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΌ. ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ: Krautheimer, 1980 ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ± ΠΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌ.: Meiggs, 1973. Π ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, Π² Π³Π». 6. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅: Cornell, Matthews, 1982.