Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Β«ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Doom. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Β». Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° 101
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΡΡΠ½Π΅Ρ
Microsoft Shows Games at Halloween Bash, UPI International, October 30, 1995.
144
PC Data, 2000.
145
GT Masters Software Universe with New-Fangled Sales Smarts, Crainβs New York Business, July 1,1996, News, p. 4.
146
The Egos at Id, Wired, August 1996, pp. 122β127.
147
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Blood Sport, Spin, June 1997, pp. 104β107.
148
Quake: Bloody Amazing, USA Today, June 27, 1996, p. 5D.
149
10 on the Richter Scale: id Software Quake Action Game Software Review, Computer Gaming World, October 1996, p. 174.
150
Multimedia: The Best and Worst of 1996, Entertainment Weekly, December 27, 1996.
151
Spin, June 1997, p. 106.
152
E-mail interview with Chris Spencer on January 8, 1997, posted on onenet.quake newsgroup.
153
Cyber Elite: Inside the Top Fifty Time Digital Cyber Elite, Time Digital, October 5, 1998, http://www.time.com/time/digital/cyberelite/36.html.
154
Game Designers Take Penthouse; Programmers of DOOM Create Culture Clash at Texas Commerce Tower, Dallas Business Journal, July 25, 1997, p. 1.
155
Time Digital, October 5, 1998.
156
Cool Companies, Fortune, July 7, 1997, p. 84.
157
Connected: There Is Another Way to Achieve the Sort of Financial Security That Brings the Freedom to Throw TVs out of Hotel Windows and Drive Rolls-Royces into Swimming Pools, Daily Telegraph, April 29, 1997, p. 15.
158
Braindrain at id: Mood Dark and Gloomy, Wired News, January 18, 1997, http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,1539,00.html.
159
Itβs going to happen: Merchant of DOOM Is Reborn as the Ion Man, The Times, April 16, 1997, features section.
160
Ibid.
161
Connected, p. 15.
162
Beyond DOOM and Quake: Everything That Game Designer John Romero Touches Turns to Gore. And to GoldΒ», Time, June 23, 1997, p. 56.
163
Dear Romero! PlanetQuake, June 9, 1999, http://www.planetquake.com/features/mynx/dearromero.shtm.
164
Intergraph, id Software, Rendition, and ClanRing to Sponsor QUAKE Tournament, Business Wire, March 7, 1997.
165
Greetings from Americaβs Secret Capitols, Time, July 13, 1998, www.time.com/time/magazine/archives.
166
Legions of DOOM, Wired, March 1998, p. 157.
167
Why the New Hollywood Is in Texas, Boston Globe, November 23, 1997, p. N5.
168
Gamemakers Feeding Growing Appetite for Fun, USA Today, June 19, 1997, p. 4D.
169
Ibid.
170
Knee Deep in a Dream: The Story of Daikatana, GameSpot, May 2000, http://www.gamespot.com/features/btg-daikatana/index.html.
171
John Romero β Artiste, Penny Arcade, November 25, 1998, http://www.penny-arcade.com/view.php3?date=1998-11-25.
172
John Romero Killed at Age 30, AdrenalineVault, August 28, 1998, www.avault.com.
173
Stormy Weather, Dallas Observer, January 14β28, 1999, p. 45.
174
Π― Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π» Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π₯Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°.
175
Π’Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π₯Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½.
176
The Columbine Tapes, Time, December 20, 1999, pp. 40β51.
177
DOOM in the School, Blueβs News, April 21, 1999, www.bluesnews.com archives.
178
DOOM Level a Dry Run, Rabbi Suggests, Denver Post, May 4, 1999, p. A10.
179
Social Outcasts Built Fantasy World of Violence, Washington Post News Service, April 22, 1999.
180
Sow Cultural Violence and Reap Death, Newsday, April 22, 1999, p. A57.
181
Whoβs to Blame? 60 Minutes, April 25, 1999.
182
Cited in Clinton Sees Violent Influence in Three Video Games, Los Angeles Times, April 25, 1999, p. A12.
183
The Trouble with Looking for Signs of Trouble, New York Times, April 25, 1999, Week in Review, p. 1.
184
Dress Rehearsal for Death, Daily Record, April 23, 1999, p. 8.
185
Disneyland Disarms Some Video Games, Los Angeles Times, May 14, 1999, p. 1A.
186
Statement of Senator Joseph Lieberman Calling for a White House Summit on Media Violence, April 28, 1999.
187
Violence Engendered by the War, Baltimore Sun, May 23, 1999, p. 3D.
188
Harris and Klebold, Good Morning America, May 24, 1999.
189
Jones, Killing Monsters, pp. 37β38.
190
Personality, Psychopathology, and Development Issues in Male Adolescent Video Game Use, Journal of American Academic Child Psychiatry 24, 1988, pp. 329β333, as cited in Herz, Joystick Nation, p. 184.
191
Cyber-Games Make Children Brighter, Sunday Times, July 22, 2001, http://www.sunday-times.co.uk.
192
Computer Game Helps Dyslexics, BBC News Online, August 20, 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1496000/1496709.stm.
193
Stuart Fischoff, Psychologyβs Quixotic Quest for the Media-Violence Connection, American Psychological Association Convention, Boston, 1999; as cited in Jones, Killing Monsters, p. 28.
194
Video Games, Net Unfairly Blamed for Kidsβ Violence, San Francisco Chronicle, May 5, 1999, p. B1.
195
A Room Full of DOOM, Time, May 24, 1999, p. 65.
196
The Violent World of Video Games, Insight on the News, June 28, 1999, p. 14.
197
Do Kids Buy Into Violence? Clinton Orders Inquiry into Marketing Practices, Gannett News Service, June 2, 1999.
198
A Game Boy in the Crosshairs, New York Times, May 23, 1999, sec. 6, p. 36.
199
PC Games, February 1999, as cited in Β«Knee Deep in a Dream.
200
Stormy WeatherΒ», Dallas Observer, January 14β28, 1999, p. 38.
201
Knee Deep in a Dream.
202
Source, Interactive Digital Software Association.
203
Donβt Shoot While Iβm Talking, Forbes, October 18, 1999, p. 158.
204
ΠΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ion Storm, Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Hearts of Darkness ΠΈ How Do Game Developers Hack It? Salon, March 7, 2000, http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/03/07/romero/index.html ΠΈ http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/03/08/ion_two/index.html.
205
Interview with Anna Kang, Domain of Games, November 9, 2000, http://www.domainofgames.com/?display=interviews&id=annakang&page=index.html.
206
NPD Group, 2002.
207
Sworded Affair, Entertainment Weekly, June 13, 2000, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Π° Π½Π° www.ew.com.
208
Daikatana Review, PC Gamer, August 9, 2000, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° http://www.pcgamer.com/reviews/archives/review_2000-08-09am.html.
209
Yep It Stinks, Computer Gaming World, November 2000, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° http://www.zdnet.com/products/stories/reviews/0,4161,2667023,00.html.
210
Datamonitor, 2002.
211
Interview with John Carmack, Slashdot, October 15, 1999, www.slashdot.org.
212
NPD Group, 2002. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ³Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ³Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ PC.
213
Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² 2001 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 8,4 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ 13,7 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅, 2001, Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.