Π Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ². Π ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Ρ[452]. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, Π ΠΈ Π, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ 5, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² 100. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ 10 Π·Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π² 10 Π·Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ 5, Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 100 Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΌ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡ 105 Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡ 200 Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆ Π½Π° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π‘Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π²Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ β ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ [Riley, Samuelson, 1981; Myerson, 1981]. ΠΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ , ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ: [Robinson, 1985; Graham, Marshall, 1987; McAfee, McMillan, 1992; Mailath, Zemsky, 1991]. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ [Marshall, Meurer, 2004] ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ [Marshall, Marx, 2006].
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