ΠΡΡΠΎΠ» ΠΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠ½, ΠΌΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠ°Π· ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π’ΡΠ΄ ΠΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ΡΠ΄ β ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅ (Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΠ» Π½Π° ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΈΠ°Π΄Ρ Π² Π‘ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Π° Ρ ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ·Π°Π» ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ). ΠΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ·Π°Π» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π³Π΅.
Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ» Π½Π°Π΅Π·Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ , Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²Π°.
Π-Ρ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ»Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΡΡ-ΠΠΎΡΠΊ, ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 2002 Π³.ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ€ΠΠ―
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ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
1
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²: Β«ask β ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈ Β«bid β ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Β» ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π° Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ β Π±ΠΈΡΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°.
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Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΡΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡ, Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Ρ.
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ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΡΠΆΠΈ. ΠΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ β ΡΡΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ β ΡΡΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ, Π²Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅. ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π΅ Β«ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΡΠΆΠ΅Β».