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Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ «Россия ΠΈ БША: познавая Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π°Β»

Автор Π‘Π±ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΊ статСй

Россия ΠΈ БША: познавая Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π°. Π‘Π±ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΊ памяти Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° АлСксандра АлСксандровича ЀурсСнко / Russia and the United States: perceiving each other. In Memory of the Academician Alexander A. Fursenko

РСдакционная коллСгия:

Π‘. А. ИсаСв, Π’. Π’. Носков (ΠΎΡ‚Π². Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€), Н. А. ΠŸΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ (ΠΎΡ‚Π². ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΡŒ), Π’. Н. ПлСшков, William G. Rosenberg (American co-editor)


Π Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹:

Π΄. ΠΈ. Π½. Π•. Π’. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π΄. ΠΈ. Π½. А. И. Рупасов


Β© ΠšΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², 2015

© БПбИИ РАН, 2015

Β© Π˜Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ «НСстор-Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΒ», 2015

* * *

А. А. ЀурсСнко. Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊ, 1981. Π€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ Π”ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ Π›ΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°Ρ€Π΄


ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅

Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ сборник статСй ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² посвящСн памяти Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ российского историка АлСксандра АлСксандровича ЀурсСнко. Π•Π³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° опрСдСляСтся основными Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ направлСниями, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… занимался ΠΎΠ½ сам. А. А. ЀурсСнко ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… отСчСствСнных амСриканистов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ соотвСтствуСт Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. Однако ΠΈ историСй собствСнной страны ΠΎΠ½ занимался Π½Π΅ мСньшС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ историСй БША, ΠΈ с нСмСньшим ΡƒΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, особСнно Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ стадиях своСй Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹. Помимо этого, Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Ρ‹ А. А. ЀурсСнко внСсли ΠΎΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡŽ истории ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ новСйшСго Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго истории русско/совСтско-амСриканских ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ сборника опрСдСляСтся ΠΈ состав авторского ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π•Π³ΠΎ основу составили ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ А. А. ЀурсСнко, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π²ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ участиС Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ сборника статСй, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² 2000 Π³. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ состав Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² пополнился Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ прСдставитСлями Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния историков, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ эстафСта Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… посвятил свою Тизнь А. А. ЀурсСнко. Как ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡ‚Π½Π°Π΄Ρ†Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, авторский ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ творчСскоС наслСдиС А. А. ЀурсСнко начиная с Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² отСчСствСнной, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ амСриканской историографии.

Π‘Π±ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΊ открываСтся нСбольшим ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. КоллСги А. А. ЀурсСнко Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡŽΡ‚ здСсь лишь ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… эпизодах Π΅Π³ΠΎ насыщСнной событиями Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ. Но эти Π΄Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ памяти ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡΡ€ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… старого Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‰Π°, помогая ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ эпоху, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΆΠΈΠ», ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этого Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Основной объСм сборника Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ тСматичСских Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… сгруппированы ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ российских амСриканистов ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ истории БША ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ амСриканских русистов ΠΏΠΎ истории России. Π’ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΌ тСматичСском Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ собраны ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ истории русско-амСриканских ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, написанныС ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ отСчСствСнными, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ историками. ОсобоС мСсто Π² сборникС Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ нашСго амСриканского ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈ, посвящСнная ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ памяти. ДалСкая, казалось Π±Ρ‹, ΠΎΡ‚ основной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ этого ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠ½Π° оказываСтся Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ сам сборник слуТит Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ваТности поднятых Π² этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сборники, ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³, сами ΠΏΠΎ сСбС ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ срСдством сохранСния ΠΈ трансляции ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ памяти ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ благодаря этому Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ общСствСнноС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠΉ интСрСс ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ здСсь Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ А. А. ЀурсСнко. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ письма, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ…, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ½ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ оказался Π² частном Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²Π΅ сСмСйства Π ΠΎΠΊΡ„Π΅Π»Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΈ ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π±Ρ‹Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² БША Π΄Π²Π°Π΄Ρ†Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ спустя. Π Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ€Ρƒ, эти Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Ρ‚Ρƒ атмосфСру, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ» ΠΈ трудился А. А. ЀурсСнко. Π’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Н. Π›. ЀурсСнко ΠΈ Π’. Π’. Носкова.

ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ вниманию Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ сборник слуТит Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ памяти, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ оставил ΠΎ сСбС Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ яркий Π²ΠΎ всСх ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, АлСксандр АлСксандрович ЀурсСнко.

Preface

Alexander Alexandrovich Fursenko was a greatly admired colleague of all the contributors to this volume and many, many more, both within Russia and abroad. His interests were wide ranging, his energy prodigious, and his commitment to historical scholarship and its importance to understanding the contemporary world was as passionate as it was productive. For many of us from the β€œfar abroad” who came to know him well over the years, he also mirrored our own interests in linking our different scholarly communities in collaboration, mutual respect, and friendship. Always welcoming, but always also tough minded, A. A. left a lasting mark on the Institute of History in St. Petersburg as well as Russian and American historiography. By bringing his colleagues and friends together once again in his memory, this volume is a fitting reflection of the admiration and appreciation all of us felt for his generous investments in our intellectual and even personal well-being.

Those who are not familiar with American historiography may not know that A. A.’s own scholarship as a Russian Americanist was also greatly admired in that often less than generous scholarly environment. As I have detailed elsewhere,[1] the first major English language review of the work of Soviet Americanists in the American Historical Review described his early work as β€œsuperb”.[2] In part this was because like other leading representatives of the β€œSt. Petersburg School”, Alexander Alexandrovich was devoted to archival work and documentary sources. His contributions consequently carried great weight, even as his approach often differed from that of historians of America within the United States.

A. A. was also an influential historian, however, because his scholarship increasingly touched on matters of seminal importance to American historical understanding. A review of his book on oil trust and international politics (НСфтяныС трСсты ΠΈ мировая ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°, 1880-Π΅ годы–1918 Π³. М.β€”Π›., 1965) admired his scholarly independence and urged all American scholars interested in the subject to read this impressive and substantial book.[3] This was also true of his later work on the American revolution (regarded by one distinguished American historian as β€œone of the best books” among the dozens published at the time of the revolutionary bicentennial[4]); the 19th century β€œoil wars”, translated by Gregory Freeze (received as a β€œtour de force);[5] and especially his masterful last major work on the Cuban missile crisis, published in English under the title β€œOne Hell of a Gamble”: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964.[6]

Although co-authored with Timothy Naftali, who studied the crisis from the American side, the importance of this work came almost entirely from A. A.’s careful work on Khrushchev and the Soviet engagement, using previously unknown archival materials. Within a year of its publication, the book was recognized by its American readers as one of the most important volumes ever written in the extensive historiography of Cold War politics. Within a year it had received more than 30 reviews not only in scholarly journals, but also in mass circulation magazines and leading newspapers like Business Week, Foreign Affairs, London Review of Books, New York Times, Philadelphia Inquirer, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, and Los Angeles Times. The prestigious Wilson Quarterly called it β€œa treasure trove of a book[7]”. The New York Times named it one of the country’s β€œnotable books of the year for 1997”, an unusual recognition and honor.[8]

Why this was so tells us much about Alexander Alexandrovich’s qualities as a scholar. Before the publication of β€œOne Hell of a Gamble”, American historians largely interpreted the Cuban missile crisis as the consequence of great power strategies, perceptions, ideologies, and collective leadership wills, well developed and collectively shared, and informed by extensive and reasonably reliable intelligence.[9] A. A.’s careful archival work undermined most if not all of these explanations. By carefully mustering his evidence and presenting his arguments in clear unvarnished prose, he managed to persuade general American readers and scholars alike how perilous and unstable the crisis actually was, and how American historians themselves had misunderstood some fundamental elements of Soviet-American relations.

In contrast to a commonly held view, for example, one of A. A.’s most interesting discoveries was that the status of Berlin actually had little to do with the Soviet move on Cuba. Far from being a carefully thought out part of a collective Soviet leadership’s great power strategy, as most American scholars assumed, the decision to send the missiles to Cuba was a rather impetuous one made essentially by Khrushchev alone, with only the full confidence and support of Rodion Malinovskii, his aggressive Minister of Defense. A. A. not only showed that Soviet intelligence on Cuba was rather dismal, especially that coming from the KGB, but that American intelligence was not much better. As a result, there was a real possibility that a tactical conflict might have rapidly escalated into something far worse than either the American or Soviet leaders initially imagined, especially since the Soviet commander in Cuba may well have had far greater authority of the use of his weapons than Kennedy and his advisors suspected. In other words, A. A.’s research showed that the Cuban Missile Crisis was β€œone hell of a gamble” not as Kennedy used the phrase in responding to his advisers’ calls to invade Cuba and remove both Soviet presence and Castro regime by the strongest possible use of force, but in terms of the way the crisis itself spun out of control, leaving the world a hairsbreadth away from thermonuclear catastrophe.

Alexander Alexandrovich Fursenko is thus remembered by his many American colleagues as a Soviet-trained scholar whose work managed to show that however structural the underpinnings of historical development, whether understood in Marxist or other forms, there are critical moments in history when historical outcomes are largely if not totally contingent of the character of the personalities involved and the ways their wield their power. This is a sobering lesson indeed in today’s highly unstable world. And as the contributions to this volume also testify, he is also remembered with fondness and appreciation for all of his efforts to bring two formerly different scholarly worlds together in a single, cooperative, and respectful community. Here, too, perhaps, his success is also a sobering reminder as we memorialize him here of how important such efforts continue to be for us all.

William G. Rosenberg

In memoriam

Π‘. Π˜. ΠŸΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ². Как ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΌΡ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ

ВрСмя Π½Π΅ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎ. НСзамСтно уходят Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊ – XX, Π° с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ сСрдцу ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΡƒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΡŒΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈ, с ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π» ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΡŽΠ΄ΡŒ Π½Π΅ простыС ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ, Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ 2015 Π³. для мСня особый. Π’ январС 1955 Π³., 60 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄, я Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ступил Π½Π° Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ зСмлю, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π² для Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ государствСнном историчСском Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²Π΅ (Π¦Π“Π˜ΠΠ›) ΠΏΠΎ своСй Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π² ДонбассС Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ XIX Π². И Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π» всСй Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠΎΠΉ ΠΊ этому Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ с Π΅Π³ΠΎ славной ΠΈ трагичСской ΡΡƒΠ΄ΡŒΠ±ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π» свои ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‹, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π°Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ для мСня аспирантуры Π² киСвском акадСмичСском Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚Π΅ истории Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·Ρƒ лСнинградской, ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ сдав Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ июля, сразу послС окончания истфака ОдСсского унивСрситСта, аспирантскиС экзамСны Π² ЛСнинградском пСдагогичСском институтС. носившСм ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ имя М. Н. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π§Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ слили с Π›Π“ΠŸΠ˜ ΠΈΠΌ. А. И. Π“Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Π½Π°, ΠΈ я, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ» аспирантуру.